Flood hazard management strategies in rural area by SWOC-TOPSIS technique (Case study: Ghare – chai river basin of Ramyan province)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

Article 5, Volume 3, Issue 4 - Serial Number 12, January 2015, Pages 105-128   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/geo.v3i4.36491

Authors

Tahereh Sadeghloo^* ; Hamdallah Sojasi Qeidari

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Introduction
Flood is one of the most common natural hazards that are considered as a phenomenon, causing loss of lives and public property and bringing untold misery to the people, especially those in the rural areas. There is also a larger economic impact, as they derail economic activities, thus affecting growth. Over the years, several expert committees have studied the problems caused by floods and suggested measures for their management to the Government. Different measures have been adopted to reduce the flood losses and protect the flood plains. Depending upon the nature of works, flood protection and flood management measures may be broadly classified as under: (a) Engineering / Structural Measures, (b) Non-Structural Measures, (c) Integrated flood management (IFM); as a new approaches for flood management, integrates land and water resource development in a river basin, with a view to maximizing the efficient use of flood plains and minimizing loss of life. A participatory approach which includes a representative range of stakeholders in the decision making process is another key component of IFM. Community activities play an important role as a front line at each stage of flood management that is preparedness for response to and recovery from flood disaster. In addition of people participation, the governmental support systems, with capable cadre is so effective in a successful IFM process. Therefore, in this paper the main goal is strategic flood management in rural area as a vulnerable place in front of disasters and hazard, with emphasize on government and local community participation.

Study area
Iran’s north and north east area are counted as flood prone areas. Especially, in Golestan province, having the plenty river and the productive lands near the rivers that are attractive place for population, cause to increase the risk of flood happening. Due to the geographical and climatic conditions, this state has a lush and ripe river that emanate from Alborz Mountain as; Atrak River, Gorganrood River and Ghare Suo River. Mean while, Ghar- Chai Basin of Ramyan County, is one of the sub- branches of Gorganrood, which flow in the east of Golestan province.

Materials and methods
For achieving to paper goal, has used of descriptive- annalistic methodology and SWOC (SWOT) and MCDM technique. A SWOT analysis looks at future possibilities through a systematic approach of introspection into both positive and negative concerns. In this research number of Strengths (S) are 5, Weaknesses (W) 11, Opportunities (O) 6 and Constraints(C) 6 case. Data collection does in 15 rural points in study area. After of recognizing central strategies, used from TOPSIS model for ranking of strategies related subject.

Result and discussion
After the data gathering and extracting the joint internal and external effective factor in rural flood management from local community and experts, the private strategic matrix based on strengths, weakness, opportunities and treats as effective indexes in final participatory management strategy for flood management was proposed. In the second step, these indicators were scored again by locals and experts and After calculation, the best strategy in the area of strategic focus for achieving participatory management flood was determined based on the average of locals and experts scores. The obtained result show that the scores average of external factor is more than internal factor from both local people and experts. Also, conservative and revising strategies are selected as a focal strategy for action in the context of achieving cooperative management of floods in rural areas.

Conclusion
Risk management process traditionally has taken place by many approaches and tools aimed at reducing injuries and fatalities caused by environmental hazards on human communities. But in the last few centuries due to the dominance of technology-based development paradigm in planning and management, focusing on structural approach to crisis management was more than the past. But the poor results of structural approaches application, guide planners into a combination of both approaches for crisis management. Based on new paradigm in disaster management, the local community has important role as a supplement for this combinative approach and for achieving to the purposes of disaster management cycle in precaution, preparedness and mitigation of the impacts. Rural communities Participation as key stakeholders in the field of risk management can be implemented alongside of experts and officials activities, and cause to cost reduction and success of projects and crisis management in rural areas.

Keywords

flood hazard; Strategic planning; Participatory management; rural area; Ghare- Chai river basin

References

استانداری استان گلستان؛ 1384. دفتر ستاد مدیریت بحران استان.

اسمیت، کیت؛ 1382. مخاطرات محیطی، ترجمه: ابراهیم مقیمی و گودرزی نژاد، چاپ اول، سمت، تهران.

افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین؛ پورطاهری، مهدی؛ صادقلو، طاهره؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمدالله؛ 1389. تحلیل عوامل مؤثر در مدیریت مشارکتی سیل در مناطق روستایی(مطالعه موردی: روستاهای سیل‌زده حوضه گرگان رود)، فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روستایی، دوره 1، شماره2، فصل تابستان.

افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین؛ پورطاهری، مهدی؛ صادقلو، طاهره؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمدالله؛ 1390. تحلیل نگرش‌های مردم برای کاهش آثار بلایای طبیعی(سیل) در مناطق روستایی با تأکید بر مدیریت مشارکتی(مطالعه موردی: روستاهای حوضه گرگان رود)، مجله جغرافیا(فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی انجمن جغرافیای ایران)؛ سال نهم، شماره 28، بهار.

افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمدالله؛ عینالی، جمشید؛ 1386. نگرشی نو به مدیریت روستایی با تأکید بر نهادهای تأثیرگذار، فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی روستا و توسعه (وزارت جهاد کشاورزی: سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و بررسی مسائل روستایی). سال10، شماره 2، تابستان.

افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین؛ صادقلو، طاهره؛ احمدآبادی، علی؛ سجاسی قیداری، حمدالله؛ 1388. ارزیابی پهنه‌بندی روستاهای در معرض خطر سیلاب با استفاده از مدل HEC-GeoRAS در محیط GIS (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای حوضه گرگان رود)؛ مجله توسعه روستایی، دوره اول، شماره1، پاییز و زمستان.

پورطاهری، مهدی؛ 1389. کاربرد روش‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند شاخصه در جغرافیا، انتشارات سمت.

رحمانی، بیژن؛ ایمانی، بهرام؛ نصرتی، فردین؛ 1390. ارزیابی دیدگاه ساکنان دهستان جوکندان تالش نسبت به چالش‌های فراروی مدیریت ریسک سیلاب (مطالعه موردی: حوضه رود خشکه رود)، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی فضای جغرافیایی، سال 11، شماره 34، تابستان.

سعیدی، عباس؛ 1382. مقابله با سوانح نیازمند عزم ملی و مشارکت محلی، نشریه دهیاری‌ها، شماره6.

طاهری مشهدی، هیرسا؛ 1385. نقش ارزیابی ریسک سیلاب در مدیریت سیلاب- مطالعه موردی: شهر لواسان، دومین کنفرانس بین المللی مدیریت جامع بحران در حوادث غیرمترقبه طبیعی. تهران.

عسگری، علی؛ 1382. "کارگاه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی بحران و سوانح در شهرها، با همکاری گروه مدیریت کاربردی بحران و سوانح" - دانشگاه برندون- کانادا و گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای – پژوهشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

مساعدی، ابوالفضل؛ غریب، معصومه؛ 1386. بررسی خصوصیات سیل در رودخانه قره چای رامیان، مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، جلد 14، شماره 6، ماه بهمن و اسفند.

ملک محمدی، بهرام؛ تجریشی، مسعود؛ 1385. روش مناسب اجرای برنامه بیمه سیل در مدیریت بحران سیلاب در مناطق شهری، دومین کنفرانس بین المللی مدیریت جامع بحران در حوادث غیرمترقبه طبیعی. تهران.

Askari, A., 2003. Crisis and disaster management workshop and urban planning, in coorporet with Crisis and Disaster Management Group. Brandon University in Canada and Department of Urban and Regional Planning, research Institute of Economics in Tarbiat Modares University.

Balli, S and Korukoglu, S., 2009. Operating system selection using Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS methods. Mathematical and Computational Applications, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 119-130.

Bildan Ms., L, 2003. Disaster management insoutheastasia an overview. eyeDS Creative Works.

Buckle, P., 2000. New approaches to assessing vulnerability and resilience. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Victoria: Emergency Management Australia.

Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), 2007. The gendered nature of natural disasters: the impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy. Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics.

Eftekhari, R. A., Purtaheri, M., Sadeghloo, T., Sojasi, H., 2011. Analysis of factors affecting in participatory flood management in rural areas sphere (case study: flooded villages of gorganrud basin). Journal of rural Research, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Eftekhari, R. A., Purtaheri, M., Sadeghloo, T., Sojasi, H., 2012. Analysis of public attitudes to reduce the effects of natural disasters (floods) in rural areas with an emphasis on participatory management. Journal of Geography (Iranian Geography Association), 9(28).

Eftekhari, R. A., Sadeghloo, T., Ahmadabadi, A., Sojasi, H., 2010. Zoning of rural regions in flood hazard with use of HEC-GeoRAS model in GIS sphere (case study: flooded villages of gorganrud basin). Journal of rural development, Vol. 1, No. 1.

Eftekhari, R. A., Sojasi, H., Einali, J., 2007. New approach to urban management with an emphasis on effective institutions. Journal of Rural and Development, 10(2).

Fridolf, T., 2004. Dam safety in a hydrological perspective case study of the historical water system of sala silver mine. KTH land and water resources engineering.

Golestan Province Governor's., 2005. The Office of the Provincial Disaster Management Staff.

Jigyasu, R, 2002. Reducing disaster vulnerability through local knowledge and capacity the Case of earthquake prone rural communities in India and Nepal, Department of Town and Regional Planning, Trondheim.

Mahmoodzadeh S., J. Shahrabi, M. Pariazar, and M. S. Zaeri, 2007. Project selection by using Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS technique. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 1:3, PP; 135 – 140.

Malek Mohamadi, B., Tajrishi, M., 2006. Accomplishment of flood insurance in flood risk management in urban areas. Second International Conference on Comprehensive Disaster Management in natural disasters. Tehran

Medury, U., 1996. Coping with disasters: a community based approach. Indira Gandhi National Open University, http://www.ignoudismtconf.org/medury.htm

Melton, Ann, 2003. What come county natural hazard identification and vulnerability analysis. OECD Development Center; Working Paper No. 257.

Mosaedi, A., Garib, M., 2007. Survey Characteristics of river flooding in Gareh chay Ramian River. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14(6).

Naumann F., 1998. Data fusion and data quality. Institute fur informatics, Humboldt –Universitat zu Berlin.

Pandey, B. and Okazaki, K., 2004. Community based disaster management: empowering communities to cope with disaster risks. United Nations Centre for Regional Development, Japan.

Purtaheri, M., 2010. Applications of decision making methods in geography, First publishtion of SAMT, Tehran.

Rahmani, B., Eimani, B., Nosrati, F., 2011. Evaluation of the inhabitant’s attitude of the village Jokndan about to flood risk management challenges (case study: Rood Khoshke basin). Journal of Geographical Space, 11(34).

Saeidi, A., 2003. Disaster oposition require national and local participation. Dehyary Magzin, 6.

Simonovic, S., Akter T., 2006. Participatory floodplain management in the Red River Basin, Canada. Annual Reviews in Control 30, 2006, 183–192; www.elsevier.com/locate/arcontrol

Smit, K., 2003. Envirnomental hazard. Translated by: Ebrahim Moghimi and Shapoor Gudarzi. First publishtion of SAMT, Tehran.

Taherie masshadi, H., 2006. Assessment of flood risk in flood management (Case study: lavasan city). Second International Conference on Comprehensive Disaster Management in natural disasters. Tehran

The Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM), 2004. Integrated flood management.