Evaluation of nitrogen efficiency on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

Article 11, Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 5, September 2010, Pages 502-511   

Document Type: Scientific - Research

DOI: 10.22067/jag.v2i3.7664

Authors

M. Jafariani^* ; Alireza Beheshti; G. Taheri

Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center

Abstract

Yield increase of crop along with human health and environment persistence could obtain from correct use of nitrogen fertilizer. In this study the effect of different regime N application on N efficiency grain sorghum genotypes in 2009 growing season at the Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Natural Resources Research Center Mashhad was investigated. Split plots experiment in base of randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications. The main plots were allocated to three genotypes (Sepideh cultivar, M2 and M5 promising lines) and the subplots consisted of photosynthesis status (non disturbance and disturbance current with potassium iodide) in factorial combination with three N regimes (0, 100, 200 kg/ha from urea fertilizer). The results of variance analysis showed that the nitrogen had significant (P ≤0. 01) effect on nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE), physiological N efficiency (PNE), grain yield and harvest index (HI). NRE percent in no N application and N application at 100 kg.ha-1 treatment were 82.34 and 68.31, respectively and increased 43.05 and 18.67 compared with 200 kg.ha-1.The highest agronomic N use efficiency and physiological efficiency obtained in no N application (36.23g grain per N g N applied and 43.45 g grain per g N absorbed respectively) and had107% and 43.02% increased compared to 200 kg.ha-1 treatment. In spite of increased in nitrogen efficiency (three traits) by decreased in N applied, the highest and significant yield obtained in N application at 100 kg.ha-1 (6.47 t.ha-1) compared to no N application(5.44 t.ha-1). Photosynthesis status had significant effect on ANE, RNE and PNE also. Non disturbance in current photosynthesis dramatically increased amount of these three N efficiency traits (29.26 g.g-1, 72.33% and 39.55 g.g-1) respectively.

Keywords

Agronomic nitrogen efficiency; Disturbance of current photosynthesis; Nitrogen recovery efficiency; Photosynthetic status; Physiological nitrogen efficiency

References

1- Alfred, E. H., Johnston, M., Sullivanc, J.N. O., and Polomad, S. 2000. Nitrogen use efficiency of taro and sweet potato in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 79 :21-280

2- Ameri, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2007. Effects of different nitrogen levels and plant density on flower, essential oils and extract production and nitrogen use efficiency of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 5(2): 315-325. (In Persian with English Summary)

3- Araus, J.L. A., Slafer, G., Reynolds, M.P., and Royo, C. 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for? Annals of Botany 89: 925-940.

4- Asghari, E., Razmjoo, K., and Mazaheri tehrani, M. 2006. Effect of nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and grain protein of grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resourses from Azerbaijan Province. EJCP, 1(1): 82- 100. (In Persian with English Summary)

5- Beheshti, A. R., and Baroeei, Z. 2010. Yield associations with morph- physiological traits on drought stress in grain sorghum genotypes (sorghum bicolor L. Monech). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research in Press. (In Persian with English Summary)

6- Beheshti, A.R., and Behboodi, B. 2010. Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in grain sorghum genotypes (sorghum bicolor L. Monech) under normal and water stress condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research In Press. (In Persian with English Summary)

7- Beheshti, A.R., and Behboodi, B. 2010. Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in grain sorghum genotypes (sorghum bicolor L. Monech) under drought stress condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science 4(3):185-189.

8- Blum,A. Mayer, J., and Golan, G. 1983.Chemical desiccation of wheat plants as simulator of post-an thesis stress II Relation to drought stress. Field Crops Research 6: 149-155.

9- Bonhomme, R. 2000. Be ware of comparing RUE values calculated from PAR vs. solar radiation or absorbed vs. intercepted radiation. Field Crops Research 68: 247 – 252.

10- Borra´ S. L., Maddonni, G.A., and Otegui, M.E. 2003. Leaf senescence in maize hybrids: plant population, row spacing and kernel set effects. Field Crops Research 82: 13–26.

11- Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R.P., Selles, F., Mc Conkey, B.G., and Dyck, F.B. 1993. Nitrogen management forspring wheat grown annually on zero- tillage: Yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy Journal 85: 107-114.

12- Ehdaie, B., and Waines, J.G. 2001. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Research 73: 47-61.

13- Evans, I.T. 1993. Crop Evaluation, Adaptation and Yield. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 500pp.

14- Fan, X., Li, F., Lin, F., and Kumar, D. 2004. Fertilization with a new type of coated urea: Evaluation for nitrogen efficiency and yield in winter wheat. Plant Nutrition 25:853-865.

15- Foulkes, M.J., Sylvester, R., Bradly, R., and Scot, K. 1998. Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization nitrogen. Jornal of Agricultural Sciences of Cambridge 130:29-44.

16- Gambin, B.L., and Borras, L. 2007. Plasticity of sorghum kernel weight to increase assimilates availability. Field Crops Research 100:272-284

17- Guarda, G., Padovan, S., and Delogu, G. 2004. Grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bred- wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels. European. Journal of Agronomy 21: 181-192.

18- Hamdallah, G. 2000. Soil fertility management: the need for new concepts in the region. A paper presented at regional workshop on Soil Fertility Management through Farmer Fileld Schools in the Near East, Amman, Jordan.

19- Hammer, G.L, and Broad, I.J. 2003. Genotype and environment effects on dynamics of harvest index during grain filling in sorghum. Journal of Agronomy 95:199-206.

20- Huggins, D. R., and Pan, W.L. 1993. Nitrogen efficiency component analysis: an evaluation of cropping system differences in productivity. Agronomy Journal 85: 895-905.

21- Jiang, Z., and hull, R. J. 1998. Interrelationships of nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase, and nitrogen use efficiency in selected Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Crop Science 38: 1623-1632.

22- Koocheki, A., and Sarmadnia, G. 1999. Physiology of crop plants. Publication Jihad Daneshghhi Mashhad, Iran. 400pp. (In Persian)

23- Kumudini, S, D., Hume, J., and Chu, G. 2002. Genetic improvement in short-season Soybeans: II. Nitrogen accumulation, remobilization, and partitioning. Crop Science 42: 141-145

24- Lopez-Bellido, L., Lopez –Bellido, R.J., and Lopez-Bellido, F. 2006. Fertilizer nitrogen efficiency in durum wheat under Rainfed mediterrean conditions: effect of split application. Agronomy Journal 98:55-62.

25- Malakuoti, M.J., and Nafisi, M. 1992. Fertilization of dry matter and irrigation soils. A Publication of Tarbiat Modarres. pp: 342 (In Persian).

26- Moles, D. J., Rangai, S.S., Bourke, R. M., and Kasamani C. T. 1984. Fertilizer response of taro in Papua New Guinea. In: S. Chandra (Ed), Edible Aroids. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Pp: 64-71.

27- Motior Rahman, M., Amano, T., and Shiraiwa, T. 2009. Nitrogen use efficiency and recovery from N fertilizer under rice-based cropping systems. Australian Journal of Crop Science 3(6): 336-351.

28- Nikolas, M.E., and Turner, N.C. 1993. Use of chemical desiccants and senescing agents to select wheat lines maintaining stable grain size during post-anthesis drought. Field crops Research 31:155- 171.

29- Oikeh, S., Chude, O.V., Kling, G.J., and Host, W.J. 2007.Comparative productivity of nitrogen – use efficiency and nitrogen- inefficient maize cultivars and traditional grain sorghum in the moist Savanna of West Africa. Africa journal of Agricultural Research 2(3): 112-118.

30- Ortiz, M.J.I., Sayre, K.D., Rsjaram, S., and Mcmahon, M. 1997.Genetic progress in wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency under four nitrogen rate. Crop Science 37: 897-904.

31- Paponov, I.A., Sambo, P., Schulte, G., Presterl, T., Geiger, H.H., and Engels, C. 2005. Grain yield and kernel weight of two maize genotypes differing in nitrogen use efficiency at various levels of nitrogen and carbohydrate availability during flowering and grain filling. Plant and Soil 272: 111–123

32- Raun, W. R., and Johnson, G. V. 1999. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy Journal 91: 357-363.

33- Royo, C., and Blanco, R. 1999. Use of potassium iodide to mimic drought stress in triticale .Field Crops Research 59: 201-212.

34- Sepehr, E., Malakouti, M. J., and Nougolipour, F. 2008. Evaluation of phosphorus efficiency in Iranian cereal in a deficient calcareous soil. Eurosoil 2008 International Conference (Soil- Society-Environment). Book of abstracts: Pp. 182.In: W. E. H. for daily light partitioning in multispeciec canopies. Agricultural Forest and Meteorology 101: 251-263.

35- Spiters, C. J., Toussaint, J.M., and Goudriaan, J. 1986. Separating the diffuse and direct component of global radiation and its implication for modeling canopy photosynthesis. Components of incoming radiation. Agricultural Forest and Meteorology 38: 217-22.

36- Timsina, J., Singh, U., Badaruddin, M., Meisner C., and Amin, M.R. 2001. Cultivar, nitrogen, and water effects on productivity, and nitrogen – use efficiency and balance for rice – wheat sequences of Bangladesh. Field Crops Research 72: 43-161.

37- Xie, W., Guang-huo, W., Qi-chun, Z., and Hai-chao, G. 2006. Effects of nitrogen fertilization strategies on nitrogen use efficiency in physiology, recovery, and agronomy and redistribution of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in two typical rice cultivars in Zhejiang, China. Journal of Zhejiang Universal Science 8(3): 208-216.