اثرات مدیریت حاصلخیزی و حفاظتی خاک در تناوب های زراعی مختلف بر خصوصیات بانک بذر در یک نظام ارگانیک

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 2، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 5، مهر 1389، صفحه 512-522   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v2i3.7666

نویسندگان

لیلا ملکی^* ؛ نایجل تریچلی؛ جولیا کوپر؛ کارلو لیفرت؛ مک ایر

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر مدیریت های متفاوت تناوبی، حاصلخیزی و حفاظتی خاک بر روی خصوصیات بانک بذر آزمایشی بلندمدت (در طی 2009-2005) در گلخانه های تحقیقاتی کلوز هاوس بر روی خاک پنجمین سال تناوبی ارگانیک دارای چهار تکرار در حال اجرا در مزرعه تحقیقاتی نافرتون دانشگاه نیوکاسل بریتانیا انجام شد. تناوب با مخلوط شبدر (Trifollium sp.)/علف چمنی (Poa spp.) برای دو سال اول آغاز گردید و با گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) برای سال سوم ادامه یافت. در سال چهارم هر کرت تناوبی به دو کرت فرعی مورد کشت سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) و کلم (Brassica oleracea L.) تقسیم شد. در سال پنجم در هر دو کرت فرعی لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) کاشته شد. در تمام سال ها کرت های تناوبی که به عنوان کرت های اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند در معرض چهار ترکیب از دو سیستم مدیریتی حاصلخیزی و حفاظتی ارگانیک و متداول قرار گرفت. نمونه ترکیبی از خاک کرت های مورد بررسی برای مدت سه ماه در گلخانه قرار گرفت و تعداد و نوع گیاهچه های آنها تعیین شد. در پایان دوره، گیاهچه ها بر اساس نوع گونه و برخی از خصوصیات کارکردی طبقه بندی و ارزیابی شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تناوب های زراعی کوتاه مدت اثر قابل توجهی بر روی خصوصیات بانک بذر ندارد و تنها نسبت بعضی گروه های کار کردی را تغییر می دهد. اگر چه تعداد بذر علف های هرز در مدیریت حفاظتی ارگانیک در مقایسه با نوع مرسوم آن بیشتر بود، ولی این تعداد بیشتر مربوط به گونه هایی بود که تصور می شود نقش مهمی در ایجاد تنوع زیستی در بوم نظام های زراعی بازی می کنند. واکنش بانک بذر به مدیریت های متفاوت حاصلخیزی ارگانیک و مرسوم یکسان بود. همچنین خصوصیات کارکردی بانک بذر تحت تاثیر مدیریت های متفاوت حفاظتی و حاصلخیزی قرار نگرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خصوصیات کارکردی؛ شعاع رقابتی؛ ضرایب النبرگ؛ علف هرز

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