بررسی ارتباط توسعه‌یافتگی و ارتکاب جرم در اقتصاد ایران

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 2، دوره 21، شماره 5، تیر 1393   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v21i5.48142

نویسندگان

مهدی خداپرست مشهدی^* ؛ ماندانا غفوری ساداتیه

فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

اثرات توسعه‌یافتگی بر میزان ارتکاب جرم بر اساس ساختار هر جامعه تغییر می‌کند .در این مقاله سعی شده اثرات توسعه‌یافتگی بر میزان وقوع جرم در ایران مورد بررسی قرار گیرد و برای سنجش آن از روش گشتاور‌های تعمیم یافته در بازه‌ی زمانی 1385- 1363 استفاده شده است. از بین مولفه‌های مختلف توسعه‌یافتگی از مولفه‌هایی که در ادبیات تجربی معاصر بیشتر مورد توجه بوده‌اند، یعنی سطح سواد، نرخ رشد اقتصادی، بیکاری، ضریب جینی و سهم سرمایه از تولید استفاده شده است. به دلیل تنوع موارد جرم و خصوصا جرایم مالی از آمار پرونده‌های مختومه در دادگاه‌ها در موضوعات اختلاس، ارتشاء، جعل، سرقت، صدور چک‌ بلا‌محل و تخریب اموال برای شاخص جرم استفاده شده است. نتایج این مقاله نشان می‌دهد، شاخص فرهنگی توسعه‌یافتگی (نرخ با‌سوادی جمعیت)، با میزان ارتکاب جرم رابطه مثبت و معنا‌داری دارد. عدم تحقق توسعه ‌اجتماعی (بیکاری و ضریب ‌جینی) با میزان ارتکاب جرم رابطه مثبت و معنا‌داری دارد. شاخص اقتصادی توسعه‌یافتگی (نرخ رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی) رابطه منفی ومعنا‌داری با میزان جرم دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اقتصاد جرم؛ توسعه؛ سواد؛ رشد اقتصادی؛ بیکاری

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