مقایسه‌ رویکرد روسیه، چین و آمریکا در قبال پرونده‌ هسته‌ای ایران

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 3، دوره 5، شماره 1، مرداد 1395، صفحه 25-55   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v5i1.54431

نویسندگان

محمدعلی بصیری¹؛ حسن آئینه وند^{* 2}

¹اصفهان

²دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

باگذشت بیش از یک دهه از مناقشه‌ی هسته‌ای ایران، نهایتاً عاقبت این پرونده با توافق هسته‌ای ایران با اعضای 1+5 به سرانجام رسید. روسیه، چین و آمریکا از بازیگران مهم در موضوع پرونده‌ی هسته‌ای به‌شمار می‌روند که نقش آنها در قبال این پرونده غیرقابل‌انکار است. آمریکا با اعمال فشارها، تهدیدها و تحریم‌ها سعی داشت که از دستیابی ایران به انرژی هسته‌ای ممانعت به عمل آورد. معرفی این پرونده به‌عنوان خطری برای صلح و امنیت جهانی از سیاست‌های واشنگتن برای مشروع جلوه‌دادن اقداماتش علیه ایران است؛ اما رویکرد روسیه و چین دارای ماهیت متفاوتی است. دو کشور از یک‌سو در هماهنگی با نگرانی‌های غرب از قدرت هسته‌ای ایران و از سوی دیگر با معرفی خود به‌عنوان حامی ایران به اتخاذ مواضعی مبهم دست‌زده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مهم‌ترین عنصر تأثیرگذار در سیاست‌های مسکو و پکن در برخورد با این بحران، روابط استراتژیک روسیه و چین با ایالات متحده است. لذا سؤال مقاله این است که راهبرد سیاست خارجی این سه کشور در برخورد با پرونده‌ی هسته‌ای تحت‌تأثیر چه عواملی بوده است؟ فرضیه‌ مقاله این است که روسیه و چین در مخالفت خود به مبانی حقوقی تکیه ‌دارند و در تعاملات خود با ایران راهبردی مصلحت‌اندیشانه و تاکتیکی در جهت تأمین منافع خویش به‌کار گرفته‌اند؛ اما آمریکا علاوه بر سختگیری‌های حقوقی- سیاسی به تنش‌های ایدئولوژیک با ایران می‌پردازد، ولی هرسه باهم رابطه‌‌ی استراتژیک دارند؛ اما با ایران رابطه‌ی تاکتیکی دارند و مخالف قدرتمندشدن یک ایران هسته‌ای هستند. در این مقاله با روش پژوهش مقایسه‌ای کیفی به تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش پرداخته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

برنامه‌ی هسته‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران؛ برجام؛ روسیه؛ چین؛ آمریکا

مراجع

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