ارزیابی عملکرد شورای امنیت سازمان ملل در عملیات‌ حفظ صلح در آفریقا بررسی تطبیقی سودان جنوبی، دارفور و اَبیه

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 8، دوره 5، شماره 1، مرداد 1395، صفحه 128-156   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v5i1.56383

نویسندگان

عنایت اله یزدانی¹؛ زهرا آقامحمدی¹؛ احسان فلاحی^{* 2}

¹اصفهان

²دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

با تغییر ماهیت درگیری‌های بین‌‌المللی در دوران پسا دوقطبی، مأموریت‌‌های‌‌ حفظ صلح در نقاط بحرانی جهان ازجمله آفریقا افزایش یافته است. بحران سودان را می‌‌توان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین فاجعه‌‌های بشردوستانه در جهان نامید. شورای امنیتِ سازمان ملل در مقام حفظ صلح و امنیت بین‌‌المللی با صدور قطعنامه‌‌های متعدد در کامیابی یا ناکامی این مأموریت‌ها نقشی اساسی ایفا می‌‌کند. مقاله‌ی پیشِ‌‌رو ضمن ارزیابی عملیات‌‌های حفظ صلح در آفریقا در پی پاسخ به این سؤال است که چرا شورای امنیت در عملیات‌‌های صلح بانی در سه منطقه‌ی دارفور، سودان جنوبی و ابیه موفق نبوده است؟ «رعایت‌نکردن مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار در عملیات‌‌های صلح بانی عامل شکست شورای امنیت در این مأموریت‌ها بوده است.» مؤلفه‌های مذکور شامل موارد زیر است: رضایت و حسن‌نیت طرفین، عدم جانب‌داری، همکاری بازیگران مهم خارجی، احساس امنیت طرفین درگیر، شفافیت در اختیارت مأموریت، استقرار به‌موقع عملیات حفظ صلح، هماهنگی داخلی و خارجی، فرماندهی شایسته‌ی مأموریت صلح بانی و توجه به دلایل جنگ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حفظ صلح؛ سازمان ملل متحد؛ شورای امنیت؛ سودان جنوبی؛ دارفور؛ ابیه

مراجع

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