پیوستگی امنیتی و بحران‌گریزی در روابط ایران و ترکیه

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 2، دوره 5، شماره 2، آذر 1396، صفحه 20-37   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v5i2.52456

نویسندگان

لیلا براتی¹؛ وحید سینایی^{* 2}؛ سید احمد فاطمی نژاد¹

¹فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

روابط ایران و ترکیه در دهه‌های اخیر در مجموع روبه‌گسترش، اما در مقاطعی تحت‌تأثیر اختلافات دو کشور سرد و غیردوستانه بوده است. این نوسان‌ها باعث شکل‌گیری تببین‌های متفاوتی از روابط این دو کشور در بین پژوهشگران سیاست خارجی و روابط بین‌الملل شده است. هدف این مقاله بررسی و تبیین پایایی روابط دو کشور علی‌رغم بروز اختلاف میان آنها است. به عبارت دیگر پرسش اصلی این است که چرا ایران و ترکیه در دهه‌های اخیر علی‌رغم اختلافات بنیادی دچار تنش طولانی‌مدت با یکدیگر نشده و همواره به تنش‌زدایی و همکاری روی آورده‌اند؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه طرح شده است: پیوستگی فرایندهای امنیت‌زا و امنیت‌زدایی که بر ایران و ترکیه تأثیر می‌گذارند باعث شده که دو کشور از بحرانی‌شدن اختلافات میان خود جلوگیری نمایند و به همکاری روی آورند. برای بررسی این فرضیه از نظریۀ مجموعۀ امنیتی منطقه‌ای استفاده شد و شش عنصر مجاورت جغرافیایی، الگوی دوستی و دشمنی، وجود دو بازیگر مؤثر، استقلال نسبی، وابستگی متقابل امنیتی، روابط فرهنگی- تمدنی و روابط اقتصادی در مناسبات ایران و ترکیه مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. روش مورد استفاده در مقاله، روش تبیینی است. یافته‌های مقاله نشان می‌دهد که علت جلوگیری از تنش‌های شدید و گسترش روابط دو کشور، به‌ویژه در زمینه‌های اقتصادی قرارداشتن آنها در یک مجموعه امنیتی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ایران؛ ترکیه؛ مجموعه امنیتی منطقه‌ای؛ مجاورت جغرافیایی؛ وابستگی متقابل امنیتی

مراجع

References

Abbasi Ashlaghi, M. (2008). Turkey and Israel: Changing relations of Middle Eastern foreigners. Strategic Studies. 29, 645-656. (In Persian)

Abdollah-Khani, A. (2004). Theories of Security: an introduction on framing the doctrine of national security. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Afzali, R., & Hosseini, M. (2012). Studying the geopolitical changes in Turkey and its impact on Iran. Geopolitic. 11, 151-176. (In Persian)

Afzali, R., & Mottaghi, A. (2011). Geopolitical analysis of behaviours of political actors in Iran and Turkey based on constructivism. Pazhuheshnameye Matin. 1-22. (In Persian)

Aras, B., & Polat, R. K. (2008). ‘From Conflict to Cooperation: Desecuritization of Turkey's Relations with Syria and Iran.’ Security Dialogue. 39 (5), 495-515.

Aras, D. (2006). Role of Persian Language on Iran-Turkey relationship and the future of Persian language and literature in Turkey. Love Speech magazine. 31, 79-86. (In Persian)

Ayati, A. (2007). Special issue on anti-western attitudes and Amirican new plan for the Middle East. Ettela’at Newspaper. 1-14. (In Persian)

Azghandi, A. (2011). Studying I.R.Iran’s foreign policy and Republic of Turkey; challenges and oppurtunities. Political and International Approaches Quarterly. 5, 36-45. (In Persian)

Bayat, E. (2011). Pan-turkism in Central Asia. Iras.33. (In Persian)

Bayat, K. (2013). The problem of Azerbaijan. Goftegu. 33. 15-25.

Buzan, B. & et al., (2013). New framework for analyzing security. Trans. By A. Tayyeb. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Buzan, B. (1998). People, states and fear. Translated by Research Institute of Strategic Studies. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Buzan, B. (2000). An introduction on Kopenhagen School in security studies. Stategic Studies Quarterly. 5(1). 18-35. (In Persian)

Buzan, B. (2012). The logic of regional security in the post-cold-war world. In B. Hetne et al. New regionalism and the future of security and development. Trans. By A. Tayyeb. Tehran: Publication of foreign affairs ministry. 47-85. (In Persian)

Buzan, B., & Weaver, O. (2009). Regions and powers. Trans. By R. Ghahramanpour. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Dadandish, P., & Kuzehgar Kaleji, V. (2010) Critical survey of theory of regional security complex using security sphere of South Caucasus. Rahbord quarterly. 56, 73-107. (In Persian)

Daheshyar, H. (2009). United States, Afghanistan, and Pakistan: contrasting sides of a crisis. Ettela’ate Siasi-Eghtesadi. 23, 261-2. (In Persian)

Derakhshe, J., & Divsalar, M. (2011). Integrative and disintegrative factors in Iran-Turkey relations afer A.K. party in Turkey. Quarterly of Political and International Researchs. 7, 95-124. (In Persian)

Ebrahimi, N. A., (2007). Thinking about bases and culture of Kopenhagen School. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 21(82), 143-162. (In Persian)

Eftekhari, A. (2002). Basic levels of thought in the national security studies. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Emami, M. (1998). Studying Turkey-Syria relationships. Foreign Policy Quarterly. 612-638. (In Persian)

Energy Economics (2011). Gas pact between Iran and Turkey. News and Views. 54 & 55. 6. (In Persian)

Farsnews (2015). April 14. (In Persian) Available in: www.farsnews.com/newstwxt.php?nn=13940124000159

Farsnews (2015). March 26. (In Persian) Available in: www.farsnews.com/newstwxt.php?nn=1340106000719

Farsnews (2015). March 28. (In Persian) Available in: www.farsnews.com/newstwxt.php?nn=13940118000816

Farsnews (2015). May 2. (In Persian) Available in: www.farsnews.com/newstwxt.php? nn=13940124000159

Freidman, L. (1996). Selected articles on politics and security. Tehran: Nashre Binesh. (In Persian)

Ghaem-panah, S. (2011). Conflict and cooperation in Iran-Turkey relations after the Cold War. Political Studies Quarterly.11, 51-82. (In Persian)

Ghanbari, M., & Sagheb, H. (2010). The impact of free trad agreement on developing non-petrolum exports of Iran to Turkey. Rahbord Quarterly. 57, 277-295. (In Persian)

Ghanbarlu, A. (2011). Models of soft power in the Middle East. Soft Power Studies. 1, 7-36. (In Persian)

Group of International Crisis (2004). Radical Islam in Centeral Asia. Magezine of Sobhe Sadegh. Tehran: Sepahe Pasdaran. (In Persian)

Güney, A., & Mandac, N. (2013). ‘The meta-geography of the Middle East and North Africa in Turkey’s new geopolitical imagination.’ Security Dialogue. 44 (5-6); 431-448.

Haji-yousefi, A., & Imani, H. (2011). Changs in Turkey-Israel relations in the recent decade and its results for Iran. Foreign Relations. 10, 75-104. (In Persian)

Harris, George S. (1977). ‘Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds.’ The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scienc. 433(1); 112-124.

Harsij, H., & Rahimi, R. (2012). Comparative analysis of the impact of 2011 developments on soft power of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Soft Power Studies. 7, 99-115. (In Persian)

Jansiz, A., & Ahmadi Khoy, A. (2014). Iran-Turkey relationships in Islamic Cooperation Organization. Global Politics Quarterly. 3, 95-124. (In Persian)

Kakaei, S. (2013). Coming Turkey to first place. Iranian Diplomacy. 24. (In Persian)

Krahman, A. (2008). New threats nad actors in international security. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. (In Persian)

Morgan, P. (2002). Regional security complexes and regional orders. In, D. E. Lake and P. M. Morgan, regional orders: security-making in new world. Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies. pp. 39-70. (In Persian)

Moshfegh, A. (2014). From competition to brotherhood. A glance on Rouhani trip to Syria. Shargh Newspaper. No. 2001. (In Persian)

Moshirzadeh, H. (2006). Development on International Relations theories. Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)

Naebian, J. (2011). A view on geopolitical changes in neighbur regions of Iran. History of Iran after Islam.2, 167-196. (In Persian)

Naghdi-Nejad, H. (2009). Iran-Turkey relations: scopes of cooperation and competition. Center of Strategic Researchs, 105-125. (In Persian)

Naghdi-Nejad, H. (2008). Foreign policy of AK party of Turkey. Magezine of Center of Strategic Researchs. 49, 39-57. (In Persian)

Niakooyi, A., & Behmanesh, H. (2012). Conflicting actors in Syrian crisis: aims and views. Foreign Relations Quarterly. 16, 97-136. (In Persian)

Omidi, A., & Rezaei, F. (2011). New ottomanism in Turkish foreign policy: its results for Middle East. Freign Relations. 3, 231-267. (In Persian)

Rafie, H., & Mazlumi, E. (2012). The obstecles of Iran-Turkey integration in Central Asia and Caucasus. Central Eurasia Studies. 10, pp.79-98. (In Persian)

Ramezani, R. (2001). An analytic framework on foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran. Trans. By A. Tayyeb. Thehran: Nashre Ney. (In Persian)

Ramezan-zadeh, A., & Moradi, M. (2011). The action of Iran and Turkey in Central Asia. Iras. 34. (In Persian)

Saghafi Aameri, N. (1992) Teh geopolitic of Iran and the region in the post-cold-war period. Central Asia and Caucasus studies. 2, 1-20. (In Persian)

Saleghi, Sh (2009) Goals and sterategy of Turkey in the north of Iraq and the views of the region’s states toward it. Rahbord Quarterly. 49, 69-81. (In Persian)

Shakibaei, A. et al., (2011). Analysing the unity between Iran and Turkey. Magezine of Economy and Regional Development. 1, 78-95. (In Persian)

Sobhani, A. (2009). New strategy of America in Afghanistan. Foreign Policy Quarterly. 22(3). 729-50. (In Persian)

Tahaei, J. (2001). Kamalism: the elements of crisis in the world view of thurkish foreign policy. Rahbord Quarterly. 21, 62-85. (In Persian)

Tajbakhsh, A. (2008). Turning point of the region diplomacy. Magazine of Gozaresh. 206. 34-55. (In Persian)

Tezcür, G. M., & Grigorescu, A. (2014). ‘Activism in Turkish Foreign Policy: Balancing European and Regional Interests.’ International Studies Perspectives. 15(3); 257–276.

Vaezi, M. (2008). Geopolitical analysis of crisis in Cental Asia. Tehran: Institute of Political and International Studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (In Persian)

Vaezi, M. (2008). New experience in Turkey: contrasting discourses. Rahbord Qurterly. 47, 8-29. (In Persian)

Vali-Gholi-Zadeh, A. (2011). Some strategies for successful playing of Iran in competiotion to Turkey in Iraq. Tahlile Hafte. Tehran Institute of International Researchs and Studies (Abrare Moaser). 7-8. (In Persian)