بررسی فقهی و حقوقی ماهیت تنزیل اسناد تجاری با تأکید بر مقررات بانکی کشور

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 5، دوره 22، شماره 7، خرداد 1394   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v22i7.48433

نویسندگان

حجت مبین^{* 1}؛ امین امیرحسینی²

¹دانشگاه شیراز

²دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)

چکیده

«تنزیل اسناد تجاری» یکی از شیوه های مرسوم تأمین مالی در بانکداری دنیاست. به دلیل برخی شبهات و ایرادات شرعی، استفاده از این شیوه در بانکداری اسلامی با چالش‌هایی رو به رو بوده است. به همین دلیل، بررسی ماهیت تنزیل اسناد تجاری جهت تعیین شرایط و آثار حاکم بر آن، ضروری است. در این مقاله، دیدگاه های مختلف فقهی و حقوقی در خصوص ماهیت تنزیل اسناد تجاری، مورد بررسی، نقد و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. همچنین تلاش شده با رویکردی جامع و با توجه به ویژگی تجاری بودن این اسناد و با در نظر گرفتن مقررات و دستورالعمل‌های بانکی کشور، تحلیل جامعی از ماهیت تنزیل اسناد تجاری در نظام بانکی ارائه شود و شرایط آن مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. درمجموع می توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که تنزیل اسناد تجاری در بانکداری اسلامی در قالب عقد «خرید دین»، قابل‌تحلیل است. از یک سو این تحلیل با ماهیت واقعی تنزیل در نظام بانکی و نیز ماهیت اسناد تجاری و مقررات حاکم بر آن سازگار است و از سوی دیگر با قول مشهور فقهای امامیه نیز انطباق دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسناد تجاری؛ خرید دین؛ تنزیل؛ عملیات بانکی

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