تبیین فرایند بحران امنیتی افغانستان و آمریکا در پساجنگ سرد

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 2، دوره 6، شماره 1، دی 1396، صفحه 27-52   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v6i1.66732

نویسندگان

محمود باهوش¹؛ پیمان زنگنه^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

²دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

افغانستان ازجمله کشورهایی است که به دلیل بافتار قومی- مذهبی ناهمگن از زمینۀ مساعدی برای ایجاد بحران و تنش‌های قومی‌مذهبی برخوردار است. تداوم بحران داخلی در جامعۀ افغان به‌گونه‌ای است که پس از خروج شوروی از این کشور، جنگ‌های داخلی پی‌درپی، حیات سیاسی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و ... آن را به طرز محسوسی تحت تأثیر قرار داده به‌طوری‌که این وضعیت در دورۀ پساجنگ‌سرد نیز خود را در روابط این کشور با آمریکا نمایان ساخت. روابط بحرانی میان آمریکا و افغانستان پس از پیدایش، به دنبال حادثه یازدهم سپتامبر به اوج خود رسید به‌گونه‌ای که آمریکا با توسل به اقدام نظامی، رژیم طالبان در این کشور را که حامی تروریسم القاعده بود، ساقط نمود. ایالات‌متحده آمریکا و دولت نوظهور افغانستان پس از طالبان با همکاری در ایجاد حکومت مرکزی فراگیر در افغانستان درصدد کنترل و کاهش بحران امنیتی در این کشور برآمدند؛ البته اثرات این بحران به افغانستان محدود نماند و در سطح داخلی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی نیز بروز یافت به‌طوری‌که ساختار متفاوتی را در عرصه روابط بین‌الملل ایجاد نموده است. همچنین متغیرهای سیستمی، بازیگری، بین‌بازیگری و وضعیتی متعددی در پیدایش، افزایش و کاهش بحران امنیتی میان آمریکا و افغانستان مؤثر بوده و اثرات پایداری را نیز از خود برجای گذاشته است. این نوشتار بر آن است تا با بهره‌گیری از نظریه برچر، فرایند تحول بحران امنیتی در روابط آمریکا و افغانستان را تبیین نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

افغانستان؛ آمریکا؛ بحران؛ مراحل بحران؛ مدل برچر. Abstract

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