بررسی انقلاب تونس (۲۰۱۱) در چارچوب جهانی‌شدن حقوق بشر

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 4، دوره 6، شماره 1، دی 1396، صفحه 83-112   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v6i1.60775

نویسندگان

رضا دهبانی پور^* ؛ علی مختاری

دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

مردم تونس در سال ۲۰۱۱ بعد از دهه‌ها سکوت و گاهی انفعال به‌یک‌باره دست به انقلاب زدند، انقلابی که گستره آن خیلی زود دامن بسیاری از کشورهای عربی را فراگرفت و در معادلات سیاسی و امنیتی خاورمیانه تأثیرات زیادی از خود بر جای گذاشت. درباره چرائی این انقلاب که کمتر کسی یا شاید هیچ‌کس وقوعش را نشانی ندیده و نداده بود، پژوهش‌های زیادی انجام‌گرفته که عمدتاً از زوایای مختلفی چون نارضایتی اقتصادی، فساد سیاسی، بحران‌های سیاسی و... مسئله را مورد بررسی قراردادند. با این اوصاف، پژوهش حاضر تلاش می‌کند تا این رویداد را با نگاه فراگیر «گفتمان جهانی حقوق بشر» موردسنجش قرار دهد تا روشن نماید که گفتمان جهانی حقوق بشر چه نسبتی با انقلاب تونس داشته است؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که جهانی‌شدن در ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، تکنولوژیک و فرهنگی درک و فضایی گفتمانی از حقوق بشر در تونس پیش از انقلاب شکل داد، این در حالی بود که دولت با طرد این تغییرات از پذیرش حقوق سیاسی- مدنی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی جامعه خودداری ورزیده تا جامعه در چارچوب گفتمان حاکم (حقوق بشر) برای دستیابی به حقوق و آرمان‌هایی چون آزادی، عدالت، کرامت و برابری علیه رژیم سیاسی حاکم ائتلاف کند و نظام سیاسی را برکنار نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

گفتمان؛ حقوق بشر؛ انقلاب؛ جهانی‌شدن؛ تونس

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