نظریه شناخت اجتماعی: رویکردی مؤثر در رفتارهای اطلاعاتی

پژوهشنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی

مقاله 2، دوره 4، شماره 2، دی 1393، صفحه 131-147   

نوع مقاله: مقالات مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/riis.v4i2.21206

نویسندگان

فاطمه مکی زاده^{* 1}؛ زاهد بیگدلی²

¹دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

²شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف: رفتار اطلاعاتی، فرایندی تعاملی است که در آن اغلب افراد پس از احساس نیاز اطلاعاتی برای ارضای آن اقداماتی صورت میدهند. در مفهوم جدید، استفاده‌کننده از اطلاعات صرفاً به‌عنوان کاربر، جستجوگر و یا مصرف‌کننده تلقی نمی‌شود؛ بلکه انسانی در نظر گرفته می‌شود که در چارچوب جامعه‌شناسی، روانشناسی، معرفت‌شناختی و فیزیکی ویژه‌ای به جستجوی اطلاعات مبادرت می‌کند. این مقاله به بررسی نظریه شناخت اجتماعی و اهمیت به‌کارگیری آن به‌ویژه در رفتار اطلاعاتی می‌پردازد.
روش: روش این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی است و گرد‌آوری مطالب آن از طریق مرور منابع می‌باشد.
یافته‌ها: حاصل تحلیل‌ها نشان داد که فعالیت‌های اطلاعاتی بدون توجه به محیط و رفتار کاربر نمی‌تواند به روشنی درک شود. رفتار، محیط، و افراد (و باورهایشان) باهم تعامل می‌کنند و این کنش متقابل سه‌جانبه باید فهمیده شود تا اینکه کارکرد و رفتار اطلاعاتی فرد به خوبی درک گردد. این رویکرد، امکان بررسی و تحلیل جامع و منطبق بر عوامل اجتماعی و فردی رفتار اطلاعاتی یک جامعه را فراهم خواهد کرد؛ و در نتیجه راهگشای بهبود و توسعه نظام اطلاعاتی و بهرهوری در جستجوی اطلاعات می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نظریه شناخت اجتماعی؛ آلبرت بندورا؛ رفتارهای اطلاعاتی؛ یادگیری اجتماعی

مراجع

Abbasi, Venus and Parirokh, M (2004). Information literacy education, methods and strategies, users and the development of information literacy education booktitle, Mashhad, Iran. Conference Proceedings. 197-214. (In Persian)

Bandura, A. (1997). Self- efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and company .

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Case, Donald O. (2002). A survey of research on information seeking, needs and behavior. New York: Academic Press, Incorporated. Available online.

Davarpanah, M. R. (2007). Information need and information Behavior, Tehran: Dabizesh. (In Persian)

Davarpanah, M. R., & Salary, M. (2011). Social and environmental development of information theory role in shaping the structure and action of 'information-pattern, Journal of Library and Information Science, 1(1)7-27. (In Persian)

Fagan, M., Neil, S., and Wooldridge, BR. (2004). An empirical investigation into the relationship between computer self-efficacy, anxiety, experience, support and usage. Journal of Computer Information Systems, Winter, 95-104.

Fattahy, R. (2004). information literacy and Improving information behavior researchers: the need for integration of information literacy in the process of research and knowledge production. Users training and development of information literacy in libraries and information centers. Mashhad: Organization of libraries, museums and Documentation Center of Astan Qods Razavi, 135-152. (In Persian)

Fisher, K., Ardlz, S. & Mac Kchny, L. (2008). Theories of information behavior. Translation Zare F., Hajzainolabedy M., Heydari, G. & MaktabyfARD, l., Tehran: librarian. (In Persian)

Hall, H. J. (1977). User Value in the Selection of Information Services: Final Report. Exon Research and Engineering Company. (NSF C-1027; NTIS PB 269-507)

Hayden, K.A. (2003). Information seeking models. Retrieved November,2012 from www.ucalgary.ca/~ahayden/seeking.html‎.

Hrgnhan. B. R. & Olson, M.H. (2007). Introduction to learning theory. Translated by Ali Akbar Saif. 7 ED. Tehran: Doran publish. (In Persian)

Kurbanoglu, S. S. (2003). Self-efficacy: A concept closely linked to information literacy and lifelong learning. Journal Of Documentation, 59 (6), 635-646.

Miwa, M. (2000). Use of human intermediation in information problem solving: A users, perspective. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on information and technology.

Morris, R.. T. (1996). The user-oriented information services. Translator Farajpahlou, A. , Journal book, 7 (2), 71-99. (In Persian)

Nazari, Maryam (2009). Information Literacy for Online Distance Learning GIS Programmes. PhD thesis. Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield.

Nouroozi Chakoly, A. (2006). The main factors affecting the behavior of information seekers. Journal of Library and Information Science. 9 (1). 144. 175. (In Persian)

Paisly, W. J. (1968). Information needs and uses. Annual review of information science and Technology. Washington: American society for information science.

Prabu, D. (2007). A cyclic model of information seeking in hyperlinked environments: The role of goals, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation. International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies archive, 65(2), 170-182.

Qasemy, AH. (2004).For teaching information literacy in the development and strengthening of higher education. Users training and development of information literacy in libraries and information centers. Mashhad: National libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Qods Razavi, 153-177. (In Persian)

Ren, W. (2001). Self-efficacy and the search for goverment information. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 38(3), 283-291.

Ren, W. (2003). Library instruction and college student self-sufficiency in electronic information searching. Journal Of Academic Librarianship, 26(5), 323-328.

Rouxel, G. (1999). Path analyses of the relations between self-efficacy, anxiety and academic performance. Eroupean Journal of Psychology Of Education, 14(3), 403-421.

Salary, M., & Hasanabady, A. (2004). Identify and analyze important prerequisite for achieving information literacy skills. Users training and development of information literacy in libraries and information centers. Mashhad: Organization of libraries, museums and Documentation Center of Astan Qods Razavi, 97-114. (In Persian)

Santrak, J.W. (2006). Educational psychology, translate by Omidian, M., Yazd: yazd University. (In Persian)

Savlynn, R. (2004). Find information on the internet and network competence definitions to a model of social cognition. Translation Keshavarz, H.. Information Quarterly. 19 (3.4). 61-69. (In Persian)

Savolainen, R. (2002). Network competence and network information seeking on the internet: From definition towards a social cognitive model. Journal of documentation, 58(2), 211-226.

Schunk, D. H. (2001). Self- regulation through goal setting. Available at http://encass.uncg.edu/digest/2001-08.html (Accessed 14 May 2012).

Tella, A., ...[et al]. (2007). Self-efficacy and use of electronic information as predictors of academic performance. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship, 8(2), 69-83.

Waldman, M. (2003). Freshmen’s use of library electronic resources and self-efficacy. Information Resesrch, 8(2). Available at http://informationr.net/ir/8-2/paper150.html (Accessed 20 May 2012).

Wilson, T.D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3(2), p. 49-56.

Zamany, MA. (2009). To evaluate the effectiveness of training programs in information literacy skills, presented in Semnan university students graduate courses at the university. MA thesis in Library and Information Science. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research. (In Persian)