Experimental Investigation on the Arching Effect in Granular Materials by Using the Developed Trapdoor Apparatus

مهندسی عمران فردوسی

Article 2, Volume 27, Issue 2 - Serial Number 17, March 2016, Pages 17-30   

Document Type: پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/civil.v27i2.31019

Authors

Ali Ahmadi¹; Ehsan Sezedi Hosseininia^{* 2}

¹Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

², Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

This paper discusses the arching effect as the formation of a stable arch in granular materials. For this aim, a developed trapdoor apparatus is designed in order to investigate the arch dimensions in term of the internal friction angle, average size and base angle of materials. Observations show that for all tested granular ensembles, width and height of the arch increase with an increase in trapdoor width and a decrease in base angle. It is also found that the shape of the whole arches is governed by a parabola. In addition, for both constant values of trapdoor width and base angle, the increase in both the internal friction angle and density of granular materials leads to the increase in arch dimensions.

Keywords

Arching; Granular materials; Trapdoor; Base angle; Arch width; Arch height

Supplementary Files

2-seyedi&ahmadi.pdf

References

1. Terzaghi, K., "Theoretical Soil Mechanics." J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. 510, (1943): pp. 510

2 .Jiang, Y.-J., Towhata," Experimental Study of Dry Granular Flow and Impact Behavior Against a Rigid Retaining Wall", Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, pp. 1-17, (2012).

3 .Akbarzadeh, H., A. Bayat, "Investigating ASTM F 1962 Arching Factor for Polyethylene Pipes Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, (2012).

4. Chen, C.N., W.-Y. Huang, and C.-T. Tseng," Stress Redistribution and Ground Arch Development during Tunneling", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,NO 26(1), pp. 228-235, (2011).

5. Chen, R.P., et al.," Face stability analysis of shallow shield tunnels in dry sandy ground using the discrete element method", Computers and Geotechnics, NO 38(2), pp. 187-195, (2011)

6. Chen, R.p., et al., "Experimental Study on Face Instability of Shield Tunnel in Sand", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, No 33(0), PP. 12-21, (2013).

7 .Lee, C.J., et al., "Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in soft clayey soil", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, No 21(2), pp. 119-132, (2006).

8. Kahyaoglu, M., et al., "Numerical Analyses of Piles Subjected to Lateral Soil Movement", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, No 16(4),pp. 562-570, (2012).

9. Eekelen, S.J.M., et al., "Model Experiments on Piled Embankments". Part II. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,No 32(0), pp. 82-94, (2012).

10. Karinski, Y.S., A.N. Dancygier. and I. Leviathan, "An Analytical Model to Evalulate the Static Soil Pressure on a Puried Structure". Engineering Structures, No 25(1), pp. 91-101, (2003).

11. Huang, Z., E. Broch. and M. Lu, "Cavern roof stability—mechanism of arching and stabilization by rockbolting". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, No.17(3), pp. 249-261, (2002).

12. Sargand, S., T. Masada, "Soil Arching over Deeply Buried Thermoplastic Pipe", Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No 1849(-1), pp. 109-123, (2003).

13. Roberts, A.W., "Review of Mass-flow Hopper Design with Respect to Stress Fields and Surcharge Loads". Particuology, No 8(6), pp. 591-594, (2010).

14. Tien , H.-J.,"A Literature Study of the Arching Effect", Massachusetts Institute Of Technology. pp. 196, (1996).

15. Guo., Zhou, "Arch in Granular Materials as a Free Surface Problem". International Journal For Numerical And Analytical Methods In Geomechanics, (2012).

16. Terzaghi, K., "Stress Distribution in Dry and in Saturated Sand Above a Yielding Trap-Door. in First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering", Cambridge, Massachusetts,(1936).

17. ASTM Standard C1444-00," Standard Test Method for Measuring the Angle of Repose of Free-Flowing Mold Powders ASTM International", West Conshohocken, PA, (2005).