زیست‌چینه‌نگاری و محیط رسوبی نهشته‌های میوسن در برش هفت چشمه، شمال نورآباد، پهنه سنندج ـ سیرجان

رخساره‌های رسوبی

مقاله 8، دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1396، صفحه 311-328   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/sed.facies.v10i2.57024

نویسندگان

ایرج مغفوری مقدم¹؛ یعقوب نصیری^{* 2}؛ مهدی صحرایی¹؛ میر امیر صلاحی³؛ اصغر روزپیکر¹

¹لرستان

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور انجام مطالعات زیست‌ چینه نگاری بر اساس روزن‌داران کف‌زی بزرگ و همچنین تعیین محیط رسوبی نهشته‌های میوسن ناحیه نورآباد واقع در پهنه سنندج ـ سیرجان، برش چینه شناسی با ضخامت 125 متر شامل سنگ‌آهک‌های نازک، متوسط تا ضخیم لایه و مارن انتخاب شد. توالی رسوبی در این برش با ناپیوستگی بر روی مجموعه افیولیتی واحد Mc قرار گرفته و مرز بالایی آن فرسایشی است. مطالعه اجتماعات روزن‌داران کف‌زی بزرگ در این پژوهش به شناسایی 18 جنس و 20 گونه متفاوت منجر شده است. گستره حضور روزن‌داران شناسایی شده گویای بایوزون تجمعی Borelis melocurdica - Borelis melo melo Assemblage Zone می‌باشد که سن بوردیگالین را نشان می‌دهد. با برداشت 100 نمونه از این برش و بررسی ریزرخساره‌ها و مشاهدات صحرایی، 10 رخساره در 4 کمربند رخساره‌ای مربوط به محیط لاگون، مجموعه رخساره‌ای حاشیه، مجموعه رخساره‌ای دامنه شیب بالایی و مجموعه رخساره‌ای دامنه شیب پایینی شناسایی گردید که در یک پلاتفرم کربناته لبه‌دار از نوع شلف نهشته شده‌اند. پیوسته بودن و قابل تعقیب بودن مرجان‌ها در مسافت‌های طولانی، دلیل محکمی بر وجود ریف‌های پیوسته می‌باشد. همچنین براساس مطالعات پتروگرافی واحدهای Tb و Ta توالی بوما و وجود ساخت‌های رسوبی مانند واحد Tc (توالی بوما) کربنات‌های دوباره نهشته شده (کلسی توربیدایت) نشان می‌دهد که توالی کربناته برش نورآباد در یک پلاتفرم کربناته لبه‌دار از نوع شلف نهشته شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نهشته های میوسن؛ زیست چینه نگاری؛ محیط رسوبی؛ روزن داران کف زی؛ دیاژنز

مراجع

آقانباتی، ع.، 1385. زمین شناسی ایران. سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 586 ص.

مطیعی، ه.، 1372. زمین شناسی ایران: چینه شناسی زاگرس. سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، 536 ص.

Adams, T.D., & Bourgeois, F., 1967. Asmari biostratigraphy. Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Unpublished Report, 1074: 1–37.

Adams, A.E., & MacKenzie, W.S., 1998. A colour atlas of carbonate sediments and rocks under the microscope. W.S. Manson Publishing, London, 180 p.

Adabi, M.H., & Mehmandosti, A.E., 2009. Microfacies and geochemistry of the Ilam Formation in the Tang-E-Rashid area, Izeh, S.W. Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 33: 267-277.

Adachi, N., Ezaki, Y., & Liu, J., 2004. The origins of peloids immediately after the end-Permian extinction, Guizhou Province, South China. Sedimentary Geology, 164: 161-178.

Allen, P.A., & Allen, J.R. 2013. Basin Analysis: Principles and Application to Petroleum Play Assessment. Wiely-Blackwell, 655 p.

Armella, C., Cabaleri, N., & Leanza, H.A., 2007. Tidally dominated, rimmedshelf facies of the Picún Leufú Formation (Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary) in southwest Gondwana, Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 28: 961 -979.

Bachmann, M., & Hirisch, F., 2006. Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforme of the eastern Levant (Galilee & the Golan Heights), Stratigraphy & second order sea-level change. Cretaceous Research, 27: 478-512.

Bahamonde, J.R., 2007. Marine red staining of a Pennsylvanian carbonate slope: Environmental oceanographic significance. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 77: 1026-1045.

Bolli, H.M., & Krasheninnikov, V.A., 1977, Problems in Paleogene & Neogene correlations based on planktonic foraminifera. Micropaleontology, 23: 436-452.

Bover-Arnal, T., Salas, R., Guimerà, J., & Moreno-Bedmar, J.A., 2014. Deep incision on an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea-level fall in the Cretaceous. Sedimentology, 61: 1558–1593.

Bover-Arnal, T., Pascual-Cebrian, E., Skelton, P.W., Gili, E., & Salas, R., 2015. Patterns in the distribution of Aptian rudists & corals within a sequence-stratigraphic framework (Maestrat Basin, E Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 321: 86–104.

Betzler, C., Pawellek, T., Abdullah, M., & Kossler, A., 2006. Facies and stratigraphic architecture of the Korallenoolith Formation in North Germany (Lauensteiner Pass, Ith Mountaines). Sedimentary Geology, 194: 61-75.

Boggs, S.J., 2015. Principles of Sedimentology & Stratigraphy (6th edition). University of Oregon, 660 p.

Booler, J., & Tucker, M.E., 2002. Distribution and geometry of facies and early diagenesis: the key to accommodation space variation & sequence stratigraphy: Upper Cretaceous Congost Carbonate platform, Spanish Pyrenees, Sedimentary Geology, 146: 225– 247.

Brachert, T.C., Forst, M.H., & Pais, I.J., 2001. Lowstand carbonate, highstand sandstone. Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 122: 155, 1-12.

Cadjenovic, D., Kilibarda, Z., & Radulovic, N., 2008. Triassic to Late Jurassic evolution of the Adriatic carbonate platform and Budva Basin, Southern Montenegra. Sedimentary Geology, 24: 1-17.

Cahuzac, B., & Poignant, A., 1997. An attempt of biozonation of the European basin, by means of larger neritic foraminifera. Bulleint de la Societ Geologique de france, 168: 155-169.

Carpentier, C., Martin-Garin, B., Lathuilière, B., Gaillard, C., Ferry, S., Hantzpergue, P., & Geister, J., 2004. Coral-microbialite reefs in pure carbonate versus mixed carbonate–siliciclastic depositional environments: the example of the Pagny-sur-Meuse section (Upper Jurassic, northeastern France). Facies, 50: 229-255.

Daizhao, C., Tucker, M.E., Jingquan, Z., & Maosheng J., 2002. Carbonate platform evolution: from a bioconstructed platform margin to as shoal system (Devonian, Guilin, South China). Sedimentology, 49: 737-764.

Della Porta, G., Kenter, J.A.M., Bahamonde, J.R., Immenhauser, A., & Villa, E., 2002. Microbial boundstone dominated carbonate slope (Upper Carboniferous, N Spain): microfacies, facies distribution stratal geometry. Facies, 49: 175–207.

Della Porta, G., Kenter, J.A.M., & Bahamonde, J.R., 2003. Depositional facies & stratal geometry of an Upper Carboniferous prograding & aggrading highrelief carbonate platform (Cantabrian Mountains, N Spain). Sedimentology, 51: 267 – 295.

Dill, H.G., Khishigsuren, S., Melcher, F., Bulgamaa, J., Bolorma, Kh., Botz, R., & Schwarz-Schampera, U., 2007. Facies-related diagenetic alteration in lacustrine-deltaic red beds of the Paleogene Ergeliin Zoo Formation (Erdene Sum area, S. Gobi, Mongolia). Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 181: 1–24.

Dunhum, R.J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, W.E. (ed.), Classification of carbonates rocks-A symposium. American Association Petroleum Geologists, 1: 108-121.

Eberli, G.P., 1987. Calcareous Turbidites and their relationship to sea- level fluctuations and tectonism. In: Einsele, G., Ricken, W., & Seilacher, A., (eds.), Cycles & Events in Stratigraphy. Springer-Verlag, 33: 340- 359.

El-Azabi, M.H., & El-Araby, A., 2007. Depositional framework & sequence stratigraphic aspects of the Coniacian–Santonian mixed siliciclastic/carbonate Matulla sediments in Nezzazat and Ekma blocks, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 47: 179–202

Embry, A.F., & Kloven, J.E., 1971. A Late Devonian reef tract on northeastern Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 19: 730-781.

Fagerstrom, J.A., 1991. Reef-building guilds & a checklist for determining guild membership. Coral Reefs, Springer-Verlag, 10: 47-52.

Flügel, E., 2010. Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks Analysis, Interpretation and Application. 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York, 1006p.

Fürsich, F., Dhirendra, T., & Pandey, K., 2003. Sequence stratigraphic significance of sedimentary cycles and shell concentrations in the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of Kachchh, western India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 193 (2): 285-309.

Gomez-Perez, I., Fernadez-Mendiola, P.A., & Garcia-Mondejar, J., 1999. Depositional architecture of a rimmed carbonate platform (Albian, Gorbea, western Pyrenees). Sedimentology, 46: 337–356.

Haas, J., Götz. A.E., Palfy, J., 2010. Late Triassic to Early Jurassic palaeogeography and eustatic history in the NW Tethyan realm: New insights from sedimentary and organic facies of the Csővör Basin (Hungary). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 291: 456–468.

Heldt, M., Bachmann, M., & Lehmann, J., 2008. Microfacies, biostratigraphy and geochemistry of the hemipelagic Barremian-Aptian in north central Tunisia: Influence of the OAE 1a on the southern Tethys margin: Palaios, 261: 246-260.

Henson, F.R.S., 1950. Middle Eastern Tertiary Peneroplidae (Foraminifera) with remarks on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the family. West Yorkshire Printing Company, Wakefield, 70 p.

Kabanov, P. B., 2000. Grain micritization as facial indicator in shallow water marine carbonate rocks. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, Otdel Geologicheskiy, 75: 39–48.

Kenter, J.A.M., Harris, P.M., & Della Porta, G., 2005. Steep microbial boundstone dominated platform margins examples implications. Sedimentary Geology, 178: 5– 30.

Kenter, J.A.M., Ginsburg, R.N., & Troelstra, S.R., 2001. Sea-level driven sedimentation patterns on the slope margin. In: Ginsburg, R.N., (ed.), Subsurface geology of a prograding carbonate platform margin, Great Bahama Bank: results of the Bahamas drilling project. SEPM, Special Publication, 70: 61-100.

Kruse, P.D., & Zhuravlev, A.Yu., 2008. Middle–Late Cambrian Rankenella Girvanella reefs of the Mila Formation, northern Iran. Canadian Journal Earth Science, 45: 619–639.

Laursen, G.V, Monibi, S., Allan, T.L., Pickard, N.A.H., Hosseiney, A., Vincent, B., Hamon, Y., Van Buchem, F.S.H., Moallemi, A., & Driullion, G., 2009. The Asmari Formation revisited: Changed stratigraphic allocation and new biozonation. First international petroleum conference & exhibition, Shiraz, Iran, 4-6: 5.

Moore, C.H., & Wade, W.J., 2013, Carbonate Reservoirs, Porosity and Diagenesis in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework. 2nd edition. Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier, New York, 67: 1-347.

Morad, S., Ketzer. J.M., & De Ros, L.F., 2013. Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy: An Integrated Tool for Understanding and Predicting Reservoir Quality Distribution. SEPM, Wiely Blackwell, 522 p.

Myrow, P.M., Tice, L., Archuleta, B., Clark, B., Taylor, J.F., & Ripperdan, R.L., 2004. Flat pebble conglomerate: its multiple origins and relationship to meter scale depositional cycles. Sedimentology, 51: 973–996.

Marangon, A., Gattolin, G., Della Porta, G., & Preto, N., 2011. The Latemar: A flat-topped, steep fronted platform dominated by microbialites and synsedimentary cements. Sedimentary Geology, 240: 97-114.

Reijmer, J.J.G., Palmieri, P., & Groen, R., 2012. Compositional variations in calciturbidites and calcidebrites in response to sea-level fluctuations (Exuma Sound, Bahamas). Facies, 58: 493–507.

Tucker, M.E., 2011. Sedimentary Rocks in the Field. 4th edition. John Wiley and Sons, 238 p.

Tucker, M.E., & Wright, V.P., 1990. Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell, Oxford, 482 p.

Van Buchem, F.S.P., Allan, T.L., Laursen, G.V., Lotfpour, M., Moallemi, A., Monibi, S., Motiei, H., Pickard, N.A.H., Tahmasbi, A.R., Vedrenne, V., & Vincent, B., 2010. Regional stratigraphic architecture and reservoir types of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the Dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh Formations) SW Iran. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 329: 219–263.

Wei, L.M., 1995. Study on the micritization of carbonate grains by bacteria and algae. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 13 (3): 89–97.

Warren, W.J., 2000. Dolomite: Occurrence, evolution and economically important association. Earth Science Review, 52: 1-81.

Wilmsen, M., & Nagm, E., 2012. Depositional environments and facies development of the Cenomanian –Turonian Galala Maghra el Hadida formations of the Southern Galala Plateau (Upper Cretaceous, Eastern Desert, Egypt). Facies, 58: 229–247.

Wilson, J.L., 1975. Carbonate Facies in Geological History. Springer -Verlag, Berlin, 471p.

Wynd, J.G., 1965. Biofacies of the Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area. Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, Report No. 1082: 1-89.