بهار عربی و جایگاه حکومت اقلیم کردستان عراق در خاورمیانه

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 1، دوره 7، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 1-28   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v7i1.70337

نویسندگان

قدرت احمدیان^{* 1}؛ مسعود اخوان کاظمی¹؛ سمیرا اکبری²

¹دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

²رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

اعتراضات مردمی در کشورهای عربی خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا که به بهار عربی موسوم گشت، باعث شد موجی از بی‌ثباتی‌ها بر این منطقه سایه افکند. لذا در پرتو تحولات اخیر خاورمیانه، مسئله کردی نیز به عنوان یکی از متغیرهای اثر‌گذار بر مناسبات منطقه‌ای مطرح شد. مقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسی این سؤال است که تحولات مربوط به بهار عربی چه اثراتی بر روی جایگاه اقلیم کردستان عراق داشته است؟ فرضیۀ مطرح شده این است که تحولات منطقه خاورمیانه (بهار عربی) پس از سال 2011، زمینه‌‌ساز تقویت جایگاه حکومت اقلیم کردستان عراق و افزایش آگاهی و مطالبات آن‌ها به شکل استقلال‌خواهی شده است. درواقع تحولات منطقه خاورمیانه و بهار عربی فرصت مناسبی برای اقلیت‌های مختلف از جمله کردها به وجود آورده و این گروه قومی درحال‌توسعه را به یک جامعۀ سیاسی و البته تأثیرگذار در منطقه تبدیل کرده است. یکی از مصادیق بارز این ارتقا جایگاه اعلام تاریخ برگزاری همه‌پرسی برای اعلام استقلال کردستان عراق در ۲۵ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۷ بود. کردها همواره در طول تاریخ به افراد فراموش شده معروف بوده‌اند؛ اما در حال حاضر یک نگرش جدید در عرصه بین‌الملل نسبت به آن‌‌ها شکل گرفته است. روش به کار رفته در این مقاله، تبیینی و چارچوب نظری ارائه شده نیز نظریه اثرگذاری سطح کلان (تحولات مربوط به بهار عربی در نظام منطقه‌ای) بر تعیین دگرگونی سیاسی بازیگر خرد با تأکید بر آرای دیوید سینگر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهار عربی؛ اقلیم کردستان عراق؛ سطح تحلیل؛ داعش

مراجع

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