Lipid-based nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems for antimicrobial agents

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

مقاله 1، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 19، خرداد 2018، صفحه 1-16   

نوع مقاله: Review Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.75569

نویسندگان

Ali Rassouli^{* 1}؛ Alwan Al-Qushawi²

¹University of Tehran

²Wasit University

چکیده

Despite the development of novel drugs and technologies in combating the infectious diseases, they remain as a global health challenge. The use of conventional antimicrobial drugs are always associated with problems such as antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and inefficient drug delivery. In this regard, the unique physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles have led to increase in the researches on nanoparticles and their application as promising antimicrobial products. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are new carrier systems developed as an alternative to traditional nanoparticle vehicles. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid-drug conjugates (LDCs), Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) and lipid-polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) are carriers with a lipid matrix showing advantages for different applications due to the use of biodegradable, and biocompatible lipids. LNPs have exclusive properties owing to their ultra-small size and high surface area, thereby, they are able to increase drug targeting, treatment efficiency and reduce the toxicity of antimicrobial drugs. LNPs are often used as sustained release systems, and they also used for improving drug bioavailability. It has been found that the composition and structure of LNPs are two critical factors that may influence their pharmaceutical performance in different body organs. This review focuses on the development of LNP systems for antimicrobial drugs delivery and gives an overview on the modern LNP- based therapeutic strategies against the infections. The mechanism of action and advantages of these nanoparticles as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-parasitic agents are highlighted in this review.

کلیدواژه‌ها

lipid nanoparticles؛ drug delivery؛ carrier systems؛ antimicrobial agents؛ infectious diseases

مراجع

1. Zhang L, Pornpattanangkul D, Hu CMJ and Huang CM. Development of nanoparticles for antimicrobial drug delivery.

Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2010; 17:585-594.

2. Ranghar S, Sirohi P, Verma P and Agarwal V. Nanoparticle- based drug delivery systems: promising approaches against infections. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2014; 57(2):209-222.

3. Abed N and Couvreur P. Nanocarriers for antibiotics: A promising solution to treat intracellular bacterial infections. Int. J.Antimicrobial. 2014; 43:485-496.

4. Huh AJ and Kwon YJ. Nanoantibiotics: A new paradigm for treating infectious diseases using nanomaterials in the antibiotics resistant era. J. Controlled Release. 2011; 156:128-145.

5. Troncarelli MZ, Brandão HM, Gern JC, Guimarães AS and Langoni H. Nanotechnology and antimicrobials in veterinary

medicine. Microbial pathogens and strategies for combating them: Sci. Tech. education. (A. Mendez-Vilas, Ed.). 2013;

543-556.

6. Cheow WS, Chang MW and Hadinoto K. The roles of lipid in antibiofilm efficacy of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles

encapsulating antibiotics. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 2011; 389:158-165.

7. Feynman R. There’s plenty of room at the bottom. Science. 1991; 254:1300-1301.

8. Battaglia L and Gallarate M. Lipid nanoparticles: state of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery. Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv. 2012; 9(5):497-508.

9. Westendorf AM. Applications of nanoparticles for treating cutaneous infection. J. Invest. Dermat. 2013; 133:1133-1135.

10. Aboutaleb E, Noori M, Gandomi N, Atyabi F, Fazeli MR., Jamalifar H and Dinarvand R. Improved antimycobacterial activity of rifampin using solid lipid nanoparticles. International Nano Letters. 2012; 2:33-40.

11.Yurgel VC, Oliveira CP, Karine R, Begnini KR, Schultze E, Thurow H, Leon PMM, Dellagostin OA, Campos VF, Beck RCR,

Collares T, Pohlmann AR and Seixas FK. Methotrexate diethyl ester-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in aqueous solution

increased antineoplastic effects in resistant breast cancer cell line. Int. J. Nanomed. 2014; 9:1583-1591.

12. Attama AA, Momoh MA and Builders PF. Lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery systems: a revolution in dosage form design and development. In: Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems. 2012; 107-140.

13. Shah R, Eldrige D, Palombo E and Harding I. Composition and structure. In: lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and stability. Springer Briefs in Pharmaceut. Sci. Drug Develop. 2015; 319-10710-3.

14. Nair R, Kumar KSA, Priya KV and Sevukarajan M. Recent advances in solid lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. J. Biomed. Sci. and Res. 2011; 3(2):368-384.

15. Qi J, Lu Y and Wu W. Absorption, disposition and pharmacokinetics of solid lipid nanoparticles. Current Drug Metabolism. 2012; 13:418-428.

16.Dandagi PM, Dessai GA, Gadad ABB and Desai VB. Formulation and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) of

lornoxicam. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2014; 6(2):0975-1491.

17. Pardeike J, Hommoss A and Muller RH. Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical dermal products. Int J Pharm. 2009; 366(1-2):170-84.

18. Venturinia CG, Jagerb E, Oliveira CP, Bernardi A, Battastini AMO, Guterres SS and Pohlmann AR. Formulation of lipid

core nanocapsules. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 2011; 375: 200-208.

19. Sanchez-Moreno P, Ortega-Vinuesa JL, Martin-Rodriguez A, Boulaiz H, Marchal-Corrales JA and Peula-Garcia JM. Characterization of different functionalized lipidic nanocapsules as potential drug carriers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012; 13:2405-2424.

20. Cattania VB, Fiel LA, Jager A, Jager E, Colome LM and Uchoa F. Lipid-core nanocapsules restrained the indomethacin ethylester hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal lumen and wall acting as mucoadhesive reservoirs. Europ. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010;

39:116-124.

21. Wissing SA, Kayser O and Muller RH. Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 2004;

56, 1257-1272.

22. Ramadan A, Lagarce F, Tessier-Marteau A, Thomas O, Legras P, Macchi L, Saulnier P and Benoit JP. Oral fondaparinux: use

of lipid nanocapsules as nanocarriers and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Int. J. Nanomed. 2011; 6:2941-2951.

23. Varshosaz J, Hajhashemi V and Soltanzadeh S. Lipid nanocapsule-based gels for enhancement of transdermal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine. J. Drug Del. 2011; 571272.

24. Das S and Chaudhury A. Recent advances in lipid nanoparticle formulations with solid matrix for oral drug delivery. AAPS Pharm. Sci.Tech. 2011; 12(1): 62-76.

25. Huynh NT, Passirani C, Saulnier P and Benoit JP. Lipid nano capsules: A new platform for nanomedicine.

Int J Pharmaceut. 2009; 379: 201-209.

26. Kumar S and Randhawa JK. High melting lipid based approach for drug delivery: Solid lipid nanoparticles. Materials

Sci. Eng. 2013; 33: 1842-1852.

27. Puglia C and Bonina F. Lipid nanoparticles as novel delivery systems for cosmetics and dermal pharmaceuticals.

Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2012; 9(4): 429-441.

28. Tiwari S, Mistry P and Patel V. SLNs based on co-processed lipids for topical delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride.

J. Pharm. Drug Develop. 2014; 2(4): 404-411.

29. Shekhawat PB. Preparation and evaluation of clotrimazole nanostructured lipid carrier for topical delivery. Int. J.

Pharm. Bio. Sci. 2013; 4(1):407- 416.

30. Sanap GS and Mohanta GP. Design and evaluation of miconazole nitrate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers

(NLC) for improving the antifungal therapy. J. Applied Pharm. Sci. 2013; 3(1), 46-54.

31. Sarathchandiran, I. A Review on nanotechnology in solid lipid nanoparticles. I. J. P. D. T. 2012; 2(1):45-61.

32. Santosa SS, Lorenzonia A, Pegoraroa NS, Denardib LB, Sydney H, Alves SH, Schaffazicka SR and Cruza L.Formulation and in vitro evaluation of coconut oil-core cationic nanocapsules intended for vaginal delivery of clotrimazole. Colloids and Surfaces B.

Biointerfaces. 2014; 116: 270-276.

33. Sanna V, Gavini E and Cossu M. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carriers for the topical delivery of econazole

nitrate: in-vitro characterization, ex-vivo and in-vivo studies. J. Pharm.Pharmacol. 2007; 59:1057-64.

34. Passerini N, Gavini E and Albertini B.Evaluation of solid lipid microparticles produced by spray congealing

for topical application of econazole nitrate. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2009; 61:559-67.

35. Bhalekar MR, Pokharkar V and Madgulkar A. Preparation and evaluation of miconazole nitrate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery.AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2009;10:289-96.

36. Castro GA, Oliveira CA and Mahecha GA. Comedolytic effect and reduced skin irritation of a new formulation of all-trans retinoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical treatment of acne. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2011; 303:513-20.

37. Agrawal Y, Petkar KC and Sawant KK. Development, evaluation and clinical studies of acitretin loaded nanostructured

lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis. Int J Pharm. 2010; 401:93-102.

38. Ghaffari S, Varshosaz J, Saadat A and Atyabi F. Stability and antimicrobial effect of amikacin-loaded solid lipid

nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomed. 2011; 6:35-43.

39. Kaur IP and Verma MK. Exploring solid lipid nanoparticles for intranasal administration of streptomycin. Int. J.

Pharma. 2011; 1(2):110-117. 40. Varshosaz J, Ghaffari S, Mirshojaei S.F, Jafarian A, Atyabi F, Kobarfard F and

Azarmi S. Biodistribution of amikacin solid lipid nanoparticles after pulmonary delivery. Bio. Med. Res. Int.

2013; 136859.

41. Videira MF, Botelho Santos AC, Gouveia LF, Pedroso De Lima JJ and Almeida AJ. Lymphatic uptake of pulmonary

delivered radiolabelled solid lipid nanoparticles. J. Drug Targeting. 2002; 10(8): 607–613.

42. Bargoni A, Cavalli R, Zara GP, Fundaro A, Caputo O and Gasco, MR. Transmucosal transport of tobramycin

incorporated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) after duodenal administration to rats. Part II—tissue

distribution. Pharmacol Res. 2001; 43(5): 497–502.

43. Jain S, Jain S and Khare P. Design and development of solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery of an anti-

fungal agent. Drug Deliv. 2010; 17:443-51.

44. Ridolfi DM, Marcato PD, Justo GZ, Cordid L, Machadob D and Duran N. Chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles

as carriers for topical delivery of tretinoin. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2012; 93:36-40.

45. Sahu AK, Kumar T and Jain V. Formulation optimization of erythromycin solid lipid nanocarrier using response

surface methodology. Bio Med. Res. Int. 2014; 689391.

46. Salama NN, Eddington ND and Fasano A. Tight junction modulation and its relationship to drug delivery. Adv.

Drug Deliv. Rev. 2006; 58:15-28.

47. Fricker G, Kromp, T, Wendel A, Blume A, Zirkel J, Rebmann H,Setzer C, Quinkert RO, Martin F and

Müller-Goymann C. Phospholipids and lipid-based formulations in

oral drug delivery. Pharm Res. 2010; 27:1469-1486.

48. Xie S, Zhu L, Dong Z, Wang Y, Wang X, and Zhou WZ. Preparation and evaluation of ofloxacin-loaded palmitic

acid solid lipid nanoparticles. Intl. J. Nanomed. 2011; 6: 547-555.

49. Pavankumarreddy A, Parthiban1 S, Vikneswari A and Senthilkumar GP. Evaluation of potential antimicrobial

activity of levofloxacin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Asian J. Res. Biol.

Pharm. Sci. 2014; 2(3):99-111.

50. Olbrich C, Gessner A, Schroder W, Kayser O and Muller RH. Lipid-drug conjugate nanoparticles of the hydrophilic

drug Diminazene-cytotoxicity testing and mouse serum adsorption. J. Cont.Rel. 2004; 96:425-435.

51. Gelperina S, Kisich K, Iseman MD and Heifets L. The potential advantages of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in

chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Am. J. Resp. Critical Care Med. 2005; 172: 1487-90.

52. Ranjita S, Loaye1 AS and Khalil M. Present Status of Nanoparticle Research for Treatment of Tuberculosis.

J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci. 2011; 14(1) 100 -116.

53. Pandey R, Sharma A, Zahoor A, Sharma S, Khuller GK and Prasad B. Poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) nanoparticle-

based inhalable sustained drug delivery system for experimental tuberculosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.

2003; 52: 981-986.

54. Memvanga PB, Coco R and Preat V. An oral malaria therapy: Curcumin- loaded lipid-based drug delivery systems

combined with β-arteether. J. Cont. Rel. 2013; 172:904-913.

55. Nzekwea IT, Azodo VI, Agubata CO, Naicker B, Okore VO and Esimone CO. Preliminary formulation

and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles containing chloroquine

and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor: Influences of lipid-surfactant ratios. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2015; 7(2):932-

939.

56. Spoelstra EC, Dekker H, Schuurhuis GJ, Broxterman HJ and Lankelma J. P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump involved

in the mechanisms of intrinsic drug resistance in various colon cancer cell line. Biochem. Pharmacol.

1991; 41(3):349-359.

57. Wang B, Goh WL, Zhang Q, Chang A, Liu XY, Tan TM and Lee H. In-vitro cytotoxicity of stealth liposome

co-encapsulation doxorubicin and verapamil on doxorubicin– resistant 16 tumor cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005;

28(5): 822-828.

58. Aji Alex MR, Chacko AJ and Jose S. Lopinavir loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for intestinal lymphatic targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011; 42:11-18.

59. Williams GC and Sinko PJ. Oral absorption of the HIV protease inhibitors: a current update. Adv. Drug Deliv.

Rev. 199; 39: 211-238.

60. Kuo YC and Chung CY. Solid lipid nanoparticles comprising internal Compritol 888 ATO, tripalmitin and

cacao butter for encapsulating and releasing stavudine, delavirdine and saquinavir. Colloids and Surfaces B:

Biointerfaces. 2011; 88:682- 690.

61. Harde H, Das M and Jain S. Solid lipid nanoparticles: an oral bioavailability enhancer vehicle. Expert Opinion

on Drug Delivery. 2011; 8(11):1407- 1424.

62. Gandomi N, Atyabi F, Fazeli M, Farbood E and Dinarvand R. Solid lipid nanoparticles of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

with enhanced antibacterial activity. J. Nanosci. lett. 2012; 2:21-25.

63. Chen X, Wang T, Lu M, Zhu L, Wang Y and Zhou W. Preparation and evaluation of tilmicosin-loaded hydrogenated

castor oil nanoparticle suspensions of different particle sizes. Intl. J. Nanomed. 2014; 9:2655-2664.

64. Al-Qushawi A, Rassouli A, Atyabi F, Peighambari SM, Esfandyari-Manesh M, Shams GR and Yazdani A. Preparation

and characterization of three tilmicosin-loaded lipid nanoparticles: physicochemical properties and

in-vitro antibacterial activities. Iranian J Pharmaceut Res. 2016; 15 (4):

663-676.

65. Rassouli A, Al-Qushawi A, Atyabi F, Peighambari SM, Esfandyari-Manesh M and Shams GR. Pharmacokinetics

and bioavailability of three promising tilmicosin-loaded lipid nanoparticles in comparison with tilmicosin phosphate

following oral administration in broiler chickens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2016; 40: 540-547.

66. Lacatusu I, Badea N, Ovidiu O, Bojin, D and Meghea A. Highly antioxidant carotene-lipid nanocarriers: synthesis

and antibacterial activity. J. Nanopart. Res. 2012; 14(6):902-917.

67. Rajesh J, Lakshmi SM, Thamizhvanan K and Viswasanthi T. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of

methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against microorganisms causing diabetic

foot and urinary tract infection. J. global trends in pharm. sci. 2012; 5(4):2093-2102.

68. Shi F, Zhao JH, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhang YT and Feng NP. Preparation and characterization of solid lipid

nanoparticles loaded with frankincense and myrrh oil. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012;7:2033-2043.

69. Alhaj NA, Shamsudin MN, Alipiah NM, Zamri HF, Bustamam A, Ibrahim S andAbdullah R. Characterization

of Nigella Sativa L. essential oilloaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Am. J. Pharm. Toxi. 2010; 5(1):52-57.

70. Vijayan V, Aafreen S, Sakthivel S and Reddy KR. Formulation and characterization

of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded Neem oil for topical treatment of acne. J. Acute Dis. 2013; 282-286.

71. Prombutara P, Kulwatthanasal Y, Supaka N, Sramala I and Chareonpornwattana S. Production of nisin-loaded

solid lipid nanoparticles for sustained antimicrobial activity. Food Control. 2012; 24:184-190.

72. Davies D. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2003; 2:114-122.

73. Labiris NRC, Holbrook AM, Chrystyn H, Macleod SM and Newhouse MT. Dry powder versus intravenous

and nebulized gentamicin in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis-A pilot study. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care. 1999;

160:1711-1716.

74. Gaba B, Fazil M, Khan S, Ali A, Baboota S and Ali J. Nanostructured lipid carrier system for topical delivery of

terbinafine hydrochloride. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 2015; 53: 147–159.

75. Toth I, Hughes RA, Dekany G, Hillery AM and Ward P. Synthesis and oral uptake studies of lipidic and glyco-lipidic

conjugates of β- lactam antibiotics. Liebigs Annalen Der Chemie. 1994; 7:685–8.

76. Olbrich C, Gessner A, Kayser O and Mueller RH. Lipid drug conjugate nanoparticles as novel carrier system

for the hydrophilic antitrypanosomal drug diminazene aceturate. J. Drug Target. 2002; 10(5):387–96.

77.Vadlapudia AD, Vadlapatlaa RK, Kwatrab D, Earlaa R, Samantaa SK, Pala D and Mitra AK. Targeted lipid based

drug conjugates: a novel strategy for drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2012; 434: 315–324.

78. Penzesa CB, Schnoller D, Horvati K and Kiss E. Membrane affinity of antituberculosis drug conjugate using

lipid monolayer containing mycolic acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2012; 413(5): 142–8.

79. Singh C, Bhatt TD, Gill MS and Suresh S. Novel rifampicin- phospholipid complex for tubercular therapy: synthesis,

physicochemical characterization and in- vivo evaluation. Int. J Pharm. 2014; 460 (1–2): 220–227.

80. Jain D and Banerjee R. Comparison of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded protein, lipid, and chitosan nanoparticles

for drug delivery. J. Biomed. Materials Res. Part B: Appl. Biomaterials. 2008; 105-112.

81. Amarah RO, Ramadan AA, El-Moslemany RM, Eissa MM, El-Azzouni MZ and El-Khoragui LK. Praziquantel–

lipid nanocapsules: an oral nanotherapeutic with potential Schistosoma mansoni tegumental targeting. Intl. J.

Nanomed. 2018; 13: 4493-4505.

82. Puri A, Loomis K, Smith B, Lee JH, Yavlovich A, Heldman E and Blumenthal R. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as

Pharmaceutical Drug Carriers: From Concepts to Clinic. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 2009; 26(6): 523–

580.

83. Banerjee S and Kundu A. Lipid-drug conjugates: a potential nanocarrier system for oral drug delivery applications.

DARU J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 2018; 26: 65–75.