ویژگی‌های پان‌شیعیسم جریان صدر در عراق پساداعش

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 7، دوره 7، شماره 2، دی 1398، صفحه 193-216   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jipr.v7i2.75913

نویسندگان

عبدالرضا عالیشاهی^{* 1}؛ یونس فروزان²؛ حسین مسعودنیا³

¹دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

²علامه طباطبایی

³اصفهان

چکیده

پس از برگزاری انتخابات پارلمان عراق در 12 مه 2018، ائتلاف سائرون به ریاست مقتدی صدر با در اختیار گرفتن بیشترین کرسی‌های پارلمان عراق، سعی در تشکیل دولتی هدفمند و اعمال سیاست‌هایی داشته است که کشور عراق را به سمت ثبات، توسعه و امنیت سوق دهد. در این مقاله، هدف نویسندگان ارائه پاسخ بدین سؤال است که اصولاً مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌ها و کارکردهای پان شیعیسم جریان صدر در عراق پساداعش چیست؟ یافته‌های مقاله که بر اساس تئوری شکاف‌های اجتماعی است، حکایت از این مسئله دارد که سه رویکرد کلان در سیاست‌های جریان صدر دیده می‌شود. نخست اقتدارگرایی شخصی صدر، دوم سیاست‌های پراگماتیستی وی در گفتگو با اهل سنت و جریان وهابیسم سعودی و رویکرد کلان سوم حاکی از ناسیونالیسم افراطی وی دارد. در کنار این سه علت اصلی، سه عامل دیگر نیز به‌منزله دلایل تسهیل کننده در نظر گرفته شده‌اند که عبارتند از: عدم دخالت مرجعیت نجف در مسائل سیاسی، چالش با نیروهای حشدالشعبی و اتخاذ مواضع مبهم و دوپهلو در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران و سوریه. روش تحقیق مقاله حاضر تبیینی و بهره‌گیری از منابع مکتوب و مجازی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

مقتدی صدر؛ عراق؛ اقتدارگرایی؛ ناسیونالیسم؛ شکاف شیعیان

مراجع

References

Aboulenein, A., & Chmaytelli, M. (2018). Populist cleric Sadr all but wins Iraq election, The World News, May 13, 2018.

Alishahi, A.; Masoudnia, H., & Forouzan, Y. (2017). A Study of Political Relations between Qatar and Saudi Arabia: From Explanation of Convergence to Political Breakdown (From Awakening to the Crisis of Cessation of Political Relations in June 2017), Journal of Strategic Studies in Public Policy, 7(24), 49-72. (in Persian)

Azghandi, A., & Karami, S. (2007). Ethnicity and the establishment of a democratic political system in Iraq, journal of political science, 4(7), 5-26. (in Persian)

Badiei Azandahi, M.; Mohammadi, A., & Zamani, A. (2017). Territorial conflicts in northern Iraq: land, ethnicity and politics, Journal of Human Geography Research (Geographical Research), 49(3), 637-656. (in Persian)

Baghdad, H. (2018). Muqtada al-Sadr's request the Popular Mobilization Forces to avoid politics and elections, AlHayat News, Access in:

Cambanis, T. (2018). Can Militant Cleric Moqtada al-Sadr Reform Iraq? London: The Century Fundation.

Chmaytelli, M. (2017). Sadr becomes first Iraqi Shi'ite leader to urge Assad to step down, The Reuters, 9 April 2017.

Cochrane, M. (2008). The Battle for Basra, NewYork: Institute for the Study of War Press.

Coker, M. (2018). The reinvention of Muqtada al-Sadr, Iraq’s new face of reform, The Irish times, 21 May 2018.

Dadfar, S. (2010). Transformation in the Sociological View of Shiite Iraq in the 20th Century (Causes of Consequences), Shiite Studies, 8(32), 132-189.

Dai, Y. (2008). Transformation of the Islamic Da‘WA Party in Iraq: From the Revolutionary Period to the Diaspora Era, Journal of Asian and African Area Studies, 7(2), 238-267.

Dehghan, Y.; Ketabi, M., & Jafarinezhad. (2017). the Impact of Social Splits on the Formation and Growth of Extremism in Syria, Journal of Strategic Policy Studies, 5(20), 111-136. (in Persian)

Deji, O. (2011). Gender and Rural Development, London: LIT Verlag Mnnster.

Doustmohammadi, A., & Salem AlGhaban, M. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Shiite Groups in Iraq on the Future of the Future of the New Middle East, Journal of Politics, 45(3), 655-677. (in Persian)

Ghasemi, A. (2014). Pathology of Social Gaps and Strategies for Strengthening National Solidarity in Iran, Strategic Quarterly, 23(71), 41-72. (in Persian)

Helfont, S. (2018). An Arab Option for Iraq, Journal of Orbis, 62(3), 409-421.

http://www.alhayat.com/article/4578044 (in Arabic).

Jabar, F. (2018). The Iraqi Protest Movement from Identity Politics to Issue politics, London: LSE Middle East Centre Paper Series.

Khalili, M. (2013). The new Iraqi constitution and the re-emergence of political conflict, Quarterly journal of world studies, 3(1), 93-120.

Koulaei, E., & Akbari, Z. (2017). The fragile state in Iraq and women's security, Journal of Politics, 40(1), 159-177. (in Persian)

MacDonald, A. (2018). Sadrist-Communist alliance set for victory as PM Abadi calls for cooperation, Middle East Eye, 17 May 2018.

Mansour, R. (2017). Iraq after the Fall of ISIS: The Struggle for the State, NewYork: Middle East and North Africa Programme.

Mansour, R., & AbdolJabbar, F. (2018). The Popular Mobilization Forces and Iraq future, Alshatq al Owsat Central Publication. (in Arabic)

McKay, A. (2002). Defining and Measuring Inequality, Journal of Briefing Paper, 1(1), 1-16.

Mirahmadi, M., & Marzeh. MH. (2017). The Political-Islamic Political Currents of Iraq After 2003, Journalof Political Science of Bagher-Al-ulum University, 20(77), 75-98. (in Persian)

Mostafa, M. (2017). Saudi officials denies request for Iraqi mediation with Iran: state agency, Iraqi News, 16August,

http://www.iraqinews.com/features/Saudiofficial-denies-request-iraqi-mediation-iran-state-agency/(accessed 23 August 2017).

Murphy, B., & Qassim A. (2008). Martyrs List tallies Mahdi Army Troubles, Washington: The Associated Publications.

Naderi, A. (2013). Discourses of Strength and Resistance in the Socio-Political Sector of Iraq in the Twentieth Century, Journal of Shia studies, 11(43), 5- 54. (in Persian)

Najafi, F.; Masoudnia, H., Emamjomezadeh, S. J., & Nassaj, H. (2016). Federalism and the triangle of power (Shiites, Kurds and Sunnis) in the new political structure of Iraq, Journal of Contemporary Political Studies, 17(1), 161-183. (in Persian)

Neckerman, K., & Florencia, T. (2007). Inequality: Causes and Consequences, Journal of Annual Review of Sociology, 33(11).335-357.

Niakooei, A., & MoradiKelardeh, S. (2015). Competing regional powers in Iraq, Foreign Relations Quarterly, 1(7), 121-168. (in Persian)

Noman, H. (2018). Iraq's next election: a military coup through democracy, Washington Center Publication. (in Arabic)

Rahimi, B. (2007). The Sadr-Sistani Relationship, Journal of Terrorism Monitor, 5(6), 1-16. (in Persian)

Rastgou, M.; Asadi., AK. & MousaviShafaei, SM. (2018). Sunni political options in Iraq: from conflict to Sunni climate, Journal of Strategic Policy Studies, 7(25), 247-268. (in Persian)

Samiei Esfahani, A. (2011). Social gaps, weak parliament and government of Leviathani, Journal of Baharestan's Documentation, Attached to the Quarterly, 153-176. (in Persian)

SamieiEsfahani, A., & NorouziNejad, J. (2012). Government-International Multination and Political Violence in New Iraq, Iranian Journal of International Policy Research, 2(1), 95-121. (in Persian)

Sardarnia, Kh. (2012). Iraq, Continued Violence and the Dream of Democracy: A Multilevel Analysi, Journal of Strategic, 21(63), 7-36. (in Persian)

Sardarnia, Kh. (2016). Analysis of the Syrian crisis from the perspective of social gaps, Journal of Political Sociology of the Islamic World, 4(1), 111-132. (in Persian)

Seifalddin, A. (2018). 62 military officers are candidates for the 2018 election, New AlArabi, Access in: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/politics

Shariati, Sh., & Mirzadeh, A. (2015). Contradiction of Violence of Hegemony and Terrorism in Iraq, Journal Management System, 7(25), 78-51. (in Persian)

Sohrabi, M.; Ashrafi, A., & Karimi, M. (2016). Anatomy of Iraqi political parties and groups and their impact on the relations between Iran and Iraq, International Journal of International Relations, 9(34), 167-196. (in Persian)

Tabatabaei, S. (2013). New political gaps in European societies, Foreign Relations Quarterly, 5(2), 189-220. (in Persian)

Taheri KalKeshondi, M., & Taghizadeh Davari, M. (2014). The Shiite Currents Approach to the New Developments in the Country, Shiite Quarterly, 12(48), 127-148. (in Persian)