پارادیپلماسی ابزار نوین تعامل دولت ایران با مناطق کردنشین

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 1، اسفند 1398، صفحه 49-76   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijip.v8i1.73132

نویسندگان

سعید شکوهى^{* 1}؛ عسگر صفری²

¹دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران

²دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

برگزاری همه­پرسی از سوی دولت اقلیم کردستان عراق در 25 سپتامبر 2017 از مهم­ترین تحولات سیاسی منطقه خاورمیانه بعد از شکل­گیری جمهوری مهاباد در میانه جنگ جهانی دوم بود. این همه­پرسی نشان داد که علی­رغم همه افت‌وخیزهایی که جنبش استقلال­خواهی و ملی­گرایی کردها پس از فروپاشی امپراتوری عثمانی داشته است، میل به تشکیل یک دولت مستقل کردی همچنان در بین کردها وجود دارد و چون این گرایش به استقلال با یکی از اساسی­ترین حقوق افراد و ملت­ها یعنی اصل حق تعیین سرنوشت ارتباط دارد انتظار می­رود گرایش به استقلال­خواهی در میان کردها در آینده نیز تداوم داشته باشد. با توجه به این­که ایران ازجمله کشورهایی است که دارای جمعیت کردی بوده و با مسئله استقلال­خواهی آن‌ها نیز در داخل مواجه بوده است، این سؤال مطرح می‌شود که پارادیپلماسی چه نقشی می­تواند در تعامل دولت مرکزی با کردهای ساکن در ایران و کردهای منطقه ایفا کند؟ در پاسخ به این سؤال یافته­های مقاله نشان می­دهند که پارادیپلماسی، برخلاف نگاه امنیتی- سیاسی حاکم بر دیپلماسی سنتی، می­تواند فرصت مناسبی برای بهبود تعامل دولت مرکزی ایران با کردها فراهم آورد. همچنین مناطق کردنشین در این سیاست می‌توانند نقش مهمی در بازتعریف روابط ایران با مناطق کردنشین در دیگر کشورهای منطقه بازی کنند. پارادیپلماسی از طریق افزایش نقش و مشارکت اجتماعی هویت­های فروملی نظیر کردها به انسجام اجتماعی منجر می­شود. انسجام اجتماعی از مهم­ترین عوامل در جلوگیری از اختلافات سرزمینی و مسئله استقلال­خواهی است. روش  مقاله تبیینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حق تعیین سرنوشت؛ استقلال خواهی؛ اکراد؛ خاورمیانه؛ ایران؛ پارادیپلماسی

مراجع

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