چالش بریکس با ساختار مالی جهانیِ زیرنفوذ آمریکا

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 7، دوره 8، شماره 1، اسفند 1398، صفحه 141-168   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijip.v8i1.68522

نویسندگان

سید سعید میر ترابی حسینی¹؛ سید محمدهادی موسوی^{* 2}؛ ارسلان قربانی شیخ‌نشین³؛ محمدولی مدرس³

¹خوارزمی تهران

²دانشگاه خوارزمی

³روابط بین الملل دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

چکیده

چکیده
در دوره پس از جنگ جهانی دوم به‌واسطه ویران شدن اقتصاد اروپا و ژاپن، ایالات‌متحده قدرت اقتصادی و مالی جهان ظاهر شد و به پایه‌ریزی نظمی جدید برای ساختار بخشیدن به تجارت و مبادلات مالی جهان همت گمارد که از آن با عنوان نظام برتون‌وودز یاد می‌شود. باوجودآنکه در خلال چند دهه اخیر تغییرات گسترده‌ای در قدرت اقتصادی و تجاری کشورها صورت پذیرفته و این روند در دوره پس از بحران مالی و اقتصادی سال 2008، تشدید شده، این جابجایی‌ها، انعکاس لازم را در ساختار مالی کنونی جهان نداشته است. در همین حال، گروه بریکس به‌عنوان یک بلوک نوظهور اقتصادی و مالی در چند سال اخیر نهادها و رویه‌های مالی برتون وودز را به چالش کشیده و امکان شکل‌گیری نظم و رویه‌های نهادی جدید در مالیه جهان را قوت بخشیده است. مقاله حاضر، چگونگی چالش این بلوک قدرت جدید در برابر ساختار مالی جهانی غرب محور کنونی و پیامدهای آن را موردتوجه قرار داده است. همچنین نشان می‌دهد که گروه بریکس با محوریت چین از طریق ایجاد نهادها و رویه‌های جدید مالی چندجانبه و تلاش برای تقویت جایگاه خود در نهادهای مالی برتون وودز در مسیر تضعیف ساختار مالی جهانی تحت سیطره ایالات‌متحده حرکت کرده است. بررسی ابعاد مختلف فشارهای بریکس بر ساختار مالی تحت سیطره ایالات‌متحده بر مبنای تحلیل داده‌های اقتصادی و مالی جهانی و بررسی پیامد این اقدامات، جزو نکات بدیع مقاله حاضر است. روش تحلیل نیز توصیفی-تبیینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بریکس؛ ساختار مالی؛ چین؛ ایالات متحده؛ برتون وودز

مراجع

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