تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 5، شماره 1، آبان 1393، صفحه 79-90   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v1393i1.46203

نویسندگان

لاله عباسلو^* ؛ سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی؛ محسن عدالت

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز به‌صورت اسپلیت‌فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی، قطع آبیاری بر اساس مراحل رشدی نخود (دو هفته پس از سبزشدنI1=، گلدهی I2=و آبیاری نرمالI3=) و فاکتور فرعی شامل ترکیبی از دو رقم نخود (آرمان و آزاد) و روش کاشت (کرتی، درون جوی و روی پشته) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه، عملکرد دانه، و عملکرد بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب در تیمار I3 و I1 به‌دست آمد و در مورد درصد غلاف پوک، روند برعکس بود. از نظر روش کاشت، بیشترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه، در روش کاشت روی پشته به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی رقم آزاد به‌طور معنی‌داری از عملکرد دانه بیشتری نسبت به رقم آرمان (164 در مقابل117‌گرم در مترمربع) برخوردار بود و رقم مناسب برای این منطقه می باشد. هرچند تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، عملکرد دانه در هر دو رقم نخود کاهش یافت، ولی تغییر در روش کاشت از کرتی به کشت روی پشته در تیمارهای قطع زودهنگام آبیاری(I1) و یا در مرحله گلدهی(I2)، به‌عنوان یک روش زراعی می تواند باعث کاهش خسارت ایجادشده به‌ترتیب تا میزان 26 و 32‌درصد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد دانه در غلاف؛ قطع آبیاری؛ کاشت روی پشته؛ گلدهی

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