From Denomination to Relativism

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Article 2, Volume 50, Issue 2 - Serial Number 101, November 2018, Pages 33-50   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/philosophy.v50i2.32703

Author

reza sadeghi^*

Abstract

In the history of philosophy, induction has had a significant role in the emergence of relativism. There are two different versions of this issue by Hume and Goodman, which have been separately discussed
 
about. This paper would compare the principles and outcomes of these two versions. Hume has been concerned with mind and the rules governing it in the classic induction and regards the mental habit as the reason for trust in scientific laws. However, Goodman in his bringing up the new issue of induction is more concerned with language and its rules and mentions penetration in language as the reason for belief in general scientific rules. Nevertheless, denomination is the common ground for these two philosophers and the common outcome of these two viewpoints is a kind of extremist relativism, which extends over to the ontology area. This paper is a comparative study that examines the relation between denomination and relativism from a critical point of view.

Keywords

Nominalism; essencialism; inducion; relativism

References

افلاطون، دورۀ آثار افلاطون، ترجمۀ محمد حسن لطفی، تهران، نشر خوارزمی، 1380.

بونژور، لورنس، دفاع از خرد ناب، ترجمۀ رضا صادقی، تهران، انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی، 1388.

جهانگیری محسن، احوال و آثار فرانسیس بیکن، تهران، انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی، 1369.

ررتی، ریچارد، فلسفه و امید اجتماعی، ترجمۀ: عبدالحسین آذرنگ و نگار نادری،‌ تهران، نشر نی، 1384.

ژیلسون، آتین، هستی در اندیشة فیلسوفان، ترجمۀ حمید طالب زاده، تهران، انتشارات حکمت، 1385.

کارنپ، رودلف، مقدمه‌ای بر فلسفة علم، ترجمۀ یوسف عفیفی، تهران، نشر نیلوفر، 1373.

گودمن، نلسن، واقعیت، افسانه و پیش‌بینی، مترجم: رضا گندمی‌ نصرآبادی، قم: دانشگاه مفید، 1381.

Harris, J. F., Against Relativism: A Philosophical Defense of Method, La Salle, Ill.: Open Court, 1992.

Hume, David, Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Ladyman, james, understanding philosophy of science, Routledge, London, 2002.

Psillos, stathis and curd, martin, The routledge companion to philosophy of science, Routledge, New York, 2008.