بررسی فرآیندهای انتقال اکسیژن به داخل کومه‌‌ های سنگ باطله معدن مس سرچشمه

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقاله 5، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 12، تیر 1394، صفحه 129-146   

نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.v7i1.33329

نویسندگان

سعید یوسفی^{* 1}؛ فرامرز دولتی ارده جانی²؛ آرزو عابدی³؛ منصور ضیائی³؛ عصمت اسماعیل زاده⁴

¹بیرجند

²تهران

³صنعتی شاهرود

⁴گروه تحقیقات آب و محیط زیست، امور تحقیق و توسعه، مجتمع مس سرچشمه، شرکت ملی صنایع مس، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

اکسایش پیریت و تولید زهاب اسیدی یکی از مشکلات زیست‌محیطی معادن سولفید فلزی است. میزان حضور اکسیژن در مجاورت کانیهای سولفیدی، مهمترین عامل کنترل‌کننده میزان اکسایش این کانیهاست. بنابراین شناسایی فرآیندهای مؤثر در انتقال اکسیژن به داخل کومه‌‌ های سنگ باطله در ارزیابی زیست محیطی بسیار اهمیت دارد. در این پژوهش،30 نمونه از 6 ترانشه حفر شده در کومه‌‌‌های باطله 19 و 31 معدن مس سرچشمه برداشت و با استفاده از تجزیه XRD، آزمایش ASTM-D2492، آزمایش pH‌ خمیری، تحلیل دانه‌بندی و همچنین مشاهدات صحرایی، فرآیندهای انتقال اکسیژن به مواد باطله، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج XRD نشان داد کانیهای کوارتز، آلبیت، مسکویت، کلریت، پیریت و ارتوز کانیهای غالب در نمونه‌ها هستند. با توجه به حضور پیریت در اکثر نمونه‌ها و نبود کانیهای کربناته، تولید زهاب اسیدی در کومههای سنگ باطله معدن مس سرچشمه قابل انتظار بود. بر اساس مشاهدات صحرایی، مجراهایی با شارش قوی هوای گرم و مرطوب در اعماق 3 تا 5 متری شناسایی شد که در نمونه‌های مرتبط با آن، میزان رطوبت (25/8 و 43/13 درصد) و سولفات (5/4 و 02/7 درصد) بالا و در مقابل میزان پیریت (5/1 و 23/6 درصد) و pH (13/3 و 88/2) پایین است. نتایج به‌دست آمده همچنین نشان داد، دو عامل ناهمگنی اندازه ذرات و حضور لایه هاردپن، کنترل‌کننده شدت فرآیندهای انتقال اکسیژن می‌باشند. این عوامل باعث شده‌اند همرفت هوا از مواد درشت‌دانه کف و اطراف کومه‌‌، فرآیند مسلط در رساندن اکسیژن به پیریت باشد. تسلط این فرآیند باعث وفور اکسیژن، دمای بالا و ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای فعالیت باکتری‌های اکسید‌کننده پیریت شده که اکسایش پیریت با شدت بیشتر و تا اعماق پایین‌تر کومه سنگ باطله‌‌ را به دنبال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کومه سنگ باطله؛ اکسایش کانیهای سولفیدی؛ نفوذ اکسیژن؛ همرفت هوا؛ ناهمگنی مواد باطله؛ هاردپن؛ معدن مس سرچشمه

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