مروری بر روش‌ها و مدل‌های برهمکنش آب سطحی-زیرزمینی با تمرکز بر مدل‌های جامع منطقه‌ای

آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 11، دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 11، اسفند 1397، صفحه 101-116   

نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v5i2.68488

نویسندگان

زینب محمودی^{* 1}؛ عبدالرضا بهره‏ مند²؛ خدایار عبدالهی³

¹دانشگاه گرگان

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‏طبیعی گرگان

³دانشکده منابع‏طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

آب‏ های سطحی و زیرزمینی در سیستم هیدرولوژی اجزای جدا از هم نیستند و در مقیاس ‏های مختلف محلی یا منطقه‏ ای دارای برهمکنشی پویا می‏ باشند. در بخش اول این تحقیق به مرور مفاهیم و مطالب کلی در زمینه برهمکنش آب سطحی و زیرزمینی پرداخته شده است و در بخش دوم ضمن مروری بر اهداف اصلی و همچنین مطالعات علمی انجام شده در زمینه GW-SW در مقیاس ‏های مختلف مکانی از مقیاس نقطه‏ ای تا مقیاس منطقه ‏ای بررسی شد. در هر یک از این مقیاس‏ ها تفاوت‏ های مکانیسم برهمکنش با سایر مقیاس ‏ها بررسی و سپس مدل‏سازی جامع منطقه ‏ای در مقیاس منطقه ‏ای به‏ صورت خاص مطالعه شد. بررسی مطالعات انجام شده در رابطه با GW-SW در مقیاس منطقه‏ ای نشان می ‏دهد که مطالعات اندکی مستقیما در این مقیاس انجام شده‏ اند. بهترین منبع اطلاعات درباره GW-SW در مقیاس منطقه‏ ای، مدل‏سازی جامع است. انواع زیادی از روش‏های مدل‏سازی وجود دارند که برخی از این روش‏ ها قابلیت کاربرد در مقیاس منطقه‏ ای را دارند اما هنوز کاربردهای واقعی مقیاس منطقه‏ ای آن‏ها نادر و دانش در دسترس در این رابطه پراکنده و برای استفاده مشکل می‏ باشد. از آنجایی‏که در مقیاس منطقه ‏ای باید برهمکنش به‏ عنوان مجموعه ‏ای از فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی در یک منطقه در نظر گرفته شود، مدل‏ های جامع فیزیک-محور روش مناسبی برای بررسی این موضوع می‏ باشند. بیشتر محققان معتقدند مدل‏سازی جامع منطقه ‏ای محدود به دسترسی به داده ‏ها است و علی‏رغم جذابیت مدل‏ های فیزیکی، بهره‏ گیری از مدل‏های نسبتاً ساده پیچیدگی ‏های سیستم‏های منطقه‏ ای را ساده‏ سازی می ‏نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

برهمکنش آب سطحی و زیرزمینی؛ مقیاس منطقه ای؛ مدلسازی جامع منطقه ای

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