مرور تحلیلی فرآیند اسمز معکوس و فناوری‌های پیش‌‌تصفیه در سامانه‌های آب‌شیرین‌کن درون‌سرزمینی

آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 4، دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 11، اسفند 1397، صفحه 25-36   

نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v5i2.68853

نویسندگان

مهسا شه عابدی¹؛ سید حسین هاشمی^{* 2}؛ مهدی گوگل³

¹شهید بهشتی تهران

²دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

³دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

آب شیرین کمتر از 1% منابع آبی جهان را تشکیل می‏دهد، برداشت بی ‏رویه از این منبع و نفوذ آب دریا در مناطق تحت تنش آب به‏ سرعت در حال تخلیه آن می‏ باشد. روند تخلیه‏ آب در خاورمیانه به سطح بحرانی رسیده است، زیرا سرانه‏ آب در این منطقه بسیار پایین‏ تر از میانگین سرانه‏ جهان می‏ باشد. نمک‏ زدایی آب با تولید آب شیرین از آب دریا، آب‏ های لب ‏شور زیرزمینی، آب زهکشی و پساب حاصل از تصفیه‎‏ی آب، رهیافتی برای کاهش تنش آب است. طی این فرآیندها، جریان زائدی با شوری بالا به ‏عنوان محصول فرعی تولید می‌شود که دفع آن هزینه ‏بر است. حجم عظیمی از آب تغلیظ‏ شده که حاوی ترکیبات باقی‌ مانده است به محیط تخلیه می‏شود و معضلی جدی محسوب می‏شود. به‏ دلیل عدم امکان دفع شورابه تولیدی، نمک‌زدایی درون ‌سرزمینی با نمک‌زدایی ساحلی متفاوت است. در شیرین‌سازی آب‌های زیرزمینی، املاح محلول در آب موجب گرفتگی می‌شودو رسوب‏گذاری منجر به کاهش تولید آب با انرژی مشخصی طی این فرآیندها می‌شود. از این‏ رو تکامل فرآیندهای نمک‌زدایی، این فناوری را ارزان‌تر، مطمئن‌تر و کم‌مصرف‌تر می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نمک‌زدایی؛ اسمز معکوس؛ شورابه

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