Application of Fractal Technique for Analysis of Geophysical - Geochemical Databases in Tekieh Pb-Zn Ore Deposit (SE of Arak)

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

Article 3, Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 15, February 2017, Pages 325-342   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/econg.v8i2.42454

Author

Seyed Reza Mehrnia^*

Payame Noor

Abstract

Introduction
Tekieh Lead-Zinc ore deposit that is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone has been recognized as one of the most important mineralized regions in Malayer-Isfahan metallogenic sub-state, south east of Arak (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981). Carbonate host units have been developed along (or across) the Vishan-Tekieh anticline as the main structure extended in NW-SE trends (Annells et al, 1985). According to geochemical investigations (Salehi, 2004), the element content of the mineralized regions has originated from Alpine post-volcanisms and subsequently it has migrated toward early Cretaceous formations (dolomitic limestones) among several hypogenic stages (Torkashvand et al., 2009). Also echelon type structures consisting of folded systems and inversed faulting of structures are the most common features in western and eastern parts of ore deposit regions (Annells et al, 1985). Syngenetic enrichments beside limited (rarely developed) epigenetic mineralization have been known as two main phases which are closely relevant to ore forming processes in the massive lenses and vein type occurrences, respectively (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981).

Material and Methods
In this research, two statistical techniques that consist of classical and fractal equations (Mandelbrot, 2005) were applied in geochemical (Torkashvand et al., 2009) and geophysical (Jafari, 2007) databases for obtaining the linear and nonlinear distributions of geochemical elements (Tekieh Pb-Zn content) in association with resistivity variations and induction polarization measurements (Calagari, 2010). According to linear statistical techniques (Torkashvand et al., 2009), the main central parameters such as mean, median and mode in addition to variances and standard deviations as distribution tendencies could be used for obtaining the regression coefficients of the databases. However, in fractal statistics, a reliable regression between geoelectrical - geochemical anomalies should be calculated based on measuring the fractal dimensional variations in the recursive patterns (Mehrnia, 2013). In practice, the Area-Concentration equations (Mandelbrot, 2005) were applied in resistivity, induction polarization, Pb and Zn datasets for achieving the nonlinear relationships in anomalous regions which were characterized by increasing in regression coefficients with more spatial correlation of the variable than linear statistics (Mehrnia, 2013).

Results and Discussion
This research showed that both linear and nonlinear statistics are able to estimate the spatial association of geochemical anomalies with geophysical variables. A meaningful increase in the regression coefficient was also revealed after measuring the self-similar peculiarities of concentration values on gridded plots (Salehi, 2004; Torkashvand et al., 2009). From the fractal point of view, Pb ore-minerals have been deposited in the western sub-region, while Zn mineralization seems to be extended in the depth of eastern alterations. Also a predictable geochemical zonation can be considered in the western target (meaningful Pb anomalies) that is more patterned than the eastern halos according to geological observations (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981) and mineralogical evidences (Salehi, 2004). An increase in Supra ore/Sub ore proportional content was measured in the western sub-region which indicated more reliable potential of Pb mineralization (Galena as a particular indication of sulfide-rich minerals) than the same phases of ore forming processes in the eastern sub-region, although the content of Pb-ores rapidly decreases in the eastern target and is replaced by Zn minerals (Sphalerite as particular indication of sulfide-rich mineralization). Because power law relationships are significant in both geochemical and geophysical anomalies (Mehrnia, 2013) a detailed program including borehole geophysics and litho-geochemical land-surveys should be considered in the prospected regions. Therefore, upcoming phases should emphasize on self-organized distribution of Pb-Zn anomalies to introduce a new set of nonlinear distributions in order to find the confidence regression coefficients between the variables. As the final results, fractal analysis of available databases represented new target areas with better mineralization aggregations than linear analysis of the anomalous regions according to micrographs. It means that surficial mineralization processes could be extended in depth and enriched next to altered host units because of a nonlinear but self-organized distribution of geochemical- geophysical anomalies in Tekieh ore deposit region.

References
Annells, R.N., Arthurton, R.S., Bazley, R.A.B., Davies, R.G., Hamedi, M.A.R. and Rahimzadeh, F.R., 1985. Geological Map of Shazand- Khomein. Scale: 1:100000, Cartographic Department of Geological Survey of Iran.
Calagari, A.A., 2010. Principles of geophysical explorations. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 485 pp.
Jafari, H., 2007. Using geoelectrical techniques for Zn-Pb explorations in Haft-Emarat district, Tekieh region (South East of Arak). Kimya Kavan Tosee Novin Company, Tehran, 206 pp.
Mandelbrot, B., 2005. Fractal Geometry of Nature. W.H Freeman & Company, New York, 468 pp.
Mehrnia, S.R.,2013. Application of fractal geometry for recognizing the pattern of textural zoning in epithermal deposits: Shikhdarabad Au-Cu indices (Eastern Azerbaijan). Journal of Economic Geology, 1(5): 23-36.
Momenzadeh, M. and Ziseman, H., 1981. Lead – Zinc re mineralization potentials in Malayer – Esfahan district. Journal of Ore Deposit, 3(1): 88-101.
Salehi, L., 2004. Geochemistry of REE content in Tekieh Pb-Zn ore deposit. M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, 181 pp.
Torkashvand, S., Mehrnia, S.R. and Moghaddasi, S.J., 2009. Co-Processing of the geophysical parameters for Tekieh Zn-Pb ore deposits (south east of Arak). 4th PNU Geological National Conference, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Keywords

Fractal; Nonlinear Distribution; statistical techniques; Tekieh Ore Deposit

References

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Annells, R.N , Arthurton, R.S , Bazley, R.A.B , Davies, R.G , Hamedi,M.A.R and Rahimzadeh, F.R, 1985. Geological Map of Shazand – Khomein. Scale : 1:100000, Cartographic Department of Geological Survey of Iran.

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Mandelbrot, B., 2005. Fractal Geometry of Nature. W.H Freeman & Company, New York, 468 pp.

Mehrnia, S.R.,2013. Application of fractal geometry for recognizing the pattern of textural zoning in epithermal deposits: Shikhdarabad Au-Cu indices (Eastern Azerbaijan). Journal of Economic Geology, 1(5): 23-36.

Momenzadeh, M., 1976. Stratabound Lead – Zinc ores in the lower Cretaceous and Jurassic ores in the Malayer – Esfahan district (west central Iran) lithology, metal content, zonation and genesis. U npublished Ph.D. Thesis, Heidelberg university, Heidelberg, Germany, 300 pp.

Momenzadeh, M. and Ziseman, H., 1981. Lead – Zinc re mineralization potentials in Malayer – Esfahan district. Journal of Ore Deposit, 3(1): 88-101.

Salehi, L., 2004. Geochemistry of REE content in Tekieh Pb-Zn ore deposit. M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, 181 pp.

Torkashvand, S., Mehrnia, S.R. and Moghaddasi, S.J., 2009. Co-Processing of the geophysical parameters for Tekieh Zn-Pb ore deposits (south east of Arak). 4th PNU Geological National Conference, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.