تأثیر آب مغناطیسی و تنش شوری بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 7، شماره 1، خرداد 1395، صفحه 81-92   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v7i1.38695

نویسندگان

مرتضی گلدانی^{* 1}؛ مریم جوادی²؛ احمد نظامی²

¹فردوسی

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

ساختار مولکولی آب تحت تأثیر میدان‌ مغناطیسی قرار می‌‌گیرد، به‌طوری‌که باعث تغییراتی در روابط آب و رشد گیاه می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات‌متقابل آب مغناطیس و شوری بر صفات جوانه‌زنی گیاهچه لوبیا رقم درخشان، آزمایشی در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل نوع آب (مغناطیس و غیر‌مغناطیس) و پنج‌سطح شوری (غلظت های صفر (شاهد)، 4، 5/6، 5/8، و 5/9 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بودند. نتایج نشان‌داد که با افزایش تیمار شوری صفاتی مانند درصد و متوسط زمان جوانه‌زنی، طول و وزن‌خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و همچنین زیست‌توده و شاخص بنیه بذر کاهش یافت. اما کاربرد آب مغناطیس، باعث بهبود کلیه صفات شد. کاربرد آب مغناطیس زیست‌توده و شاخص بنیه بذر را 52 و 24‌درصد در شرایط تنش شوری بهبود داد. اگرچه اثر ساده شوری باعث کاهش مقادیر کلروفیلa و b گردید، اما کاربرد آب مغناطیس میزان کلروفیل a را در شرایط شوری بهبود بخشید. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان‌داد که قرار‌گرفتن آب آبیاری با تیمارهای شوری در‌معرض میدان‌مغناطیسی می‌تواند اثرات شوری ناشی از کلرور‌سدیم را بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تیمار فیزیکی؛ کلروفیلa؛ کلروفیل b؛ متوسط زمان جوانه‌زنی

مراجع

1. Abdul-baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D., 1970. Viability and leaching of sugars from germinating barely. Crop Science 10: 31-34.

2. Agrawal, R.L., 1991. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Publishing. P: 305-374.

3. Aladjadjiyan A. 2002. Study of the influence of magnetic field on some biological characteristics of Zea mays. Journal of Central European Agriculture 3(2): 89-94.

4. Aladjadjiyan, A. 2010. Influence of stationary magnetic field on lentil seeds. Agrophysics 24: 321-324.

5. Almansouri, M., Kinet, J.M., Lutts, S. 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses germination in durum wheat. Plant Soil 231: 243-254.

6. Amiri, M.C., and Dadkhah, A.A. 2006. On reduction in the surface tension of water due to magnetic treatment. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering 278: 252-255.

7. Arbabian, S., Majd, A., Falahian, F., and Samimi, H. 2001. The effect of magnetic field on germination and early growth in three varieties Arachis hypogaea. Journal of Biological Science 2: 3227-3535. (In Persian with English Summary).

8. Bagheri, A., Jafari, M., Movahedi Dehnavi, M., Javadi, S.A., and Jafari, A. 2014. Effect of magnetized seeds and magnetized saline water on seed germination and seedling growth of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum). International Journal of Biosciences 4(1): 264-271.

9. Banajad, H., Mokari Ghahroodi, M., Esnaashari, A., and Liaghat, M. 2013. Assessment of the interaction of magnetic water and salinity on yield and components of basil plant. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 2(7): 178-183. (In Persian with English Summary).

10. Bitonti, M.B., Mazzuca S., Ting T., and Innocenti A.M. 2006. Magnetic field affects meristem activity and cell differentiation in Zea mays roots. Plant Biosystems 140(1): 87-93.

11. Chang K.T., and Weng C.I. 2008. An investigation into structure of aqueous NaCl electrolyte solutions under magnetic fields. Computational Materials Science Journal 43: 1048-1055.

12. Dere, S., Gunes, T., and Sivaci, R. 1998. Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid content of some algae species using different solvents. Journal of Botany 22: 13-17.

13. Feizi, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Sahabi, H., and Amirmoradi, S. 2012. Effect of magnetic field and hydropriming on germination and growth seedling on Lycopersicum esculentum. Journal of Horticultural Science. 26(3): 343-349. (In Persian with English Summary).

14. Fischer, G., Tausz, M., Kock, M., and Grill, D. 2004. Effects of weak 16 Hz magnetic fields on growth parameters of young sunflower and wheat seedlings. Bioelectromagnetics 25: 638-641.

15. Garcia R.F., and Arza P.L. 2001. Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part I: theoretical considerations. Bioelectromagnetics 22: 589-595.

16. Gholinejad, A. 2012. Effect of salinity stress on germination indices of wheat genotype. Seed Technology and Science 1(1): 14-21. (In Persian with English Summary).

17. Ghoulami, C., and Fares, K. 2001. Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed Science and Technology 29: 357-364. (In Persian with English Summary).

18. Harsharn, S., Grewal, L., Basant, L., and Maheshwari, N. 2011. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and Snow Pea and Chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings. Journal of Bioelectromagnetics 32: 58-65.

19. Hilal, M.H., and Hilal, M.M. 2000. Application of magnetic technologies in desert agriculture: I. Seed germination and seedling emergence of some crops in a saline calcareous soil. Soil Science Journal 40: 413-422.

20. Hozayn, M., and Abdul Qados, A.M.S. 2010. Magnetic water application for improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop production. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1(4): 677-682.

21. Jalali, V.R., Homayi, M., Saber, M., and Eskandari, M. 2008. Comparison of canola germination in solution of CaCl2, NaCl+ and natural saltwater. Journal Soil and Water 21(2): 209-218. (In Persian with English Summary).

22. Kafi, M., Borzoie, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masomi, A., and Nabati, G. 2009. Physiology of Environmental Stress on Plant. P: 82-86. Jahad Mashhad University Press. 502pp.

23. Kavi, P.S. 1977. The effect of magnetic treatment of soybean seed on its moisture absorbing capacity. Science Culture 43: 405-406.

24. Leidi, E.O., Nogales, R., and Lips, S.H. 1991. Effect of salinity on cotton plants grown under nitrate and ammonium nutrition at different calcium levels. Field Crop Research 26: 35-44.

25. Mahmood, S., and Usman, M. 2014. Consequences of magnetized water application on maize seed emergence in sand culture. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 16: 47-55.

26. Matthews, S., and Khajeh-Hosseini, M. 2006. Mean germination time as an indicator of emergence performance in soil of seed lots of maize (Zea mays). Seed Science and Technology 34: 339-347.

27. Massai, R., Remorin, D., and Tattini. M. 2004. Gas exchange, water relation and osmotic adjustment in tow scion/rootstock combinations of prunes under various salinity concentrations. Plant and Soil 259: 153-162.

28. Misra, N., and Dwivedi, U.N. 2004. Genotypic difference in salinity tolerance of green cultivars. Plant Science 166: 1135-1142.

29. Mohammadi, M. 2007. Agriculture Pedology. Pub. Noor Bakhsh. p244.

30. Morejon L.P., Castro Palacio, J.C., Velazquez Abad, L.G., and Govea, A.P. 2007. Simulation of pinus tropicalis M. seeds by magnetically treated water. International Agrophysics 21: 173-177.

31. Otsuka, I., and Ozeki, S. 2006. Does magnetic treatment of water change its properties? Journal of Physical Chemistry 110: 1509-1512.

32. Omran, W.M., Mansour, M.F., and Fayez, K.A. 2014. Magnetized water improved germination, growth and tolerance to salinity of cereal crops. International Journal of Advanced Research 2(5): 301-308.

33. Podleoeny, J., Pietruszewski, S., and Podleoena, A. 2004. Efficiency of the magnetic treatment of broad bean seeds cultivated under experimental plot conditions. International Agrophysics 18: 65-71.

34. Ranjbar, G., Roosta, M.G., and Cheraghi, A.M. 2012. Assessment of the effect of magnetic water and salinity on growth indices of wheat. Journal of Water Research on Agriculture 26(3): 263-274. (In Persian with English Summary).

35. Reynolds, M.P., Mujeeb-Kazi, A., and Sawkins, M. 2005. Prospect for utilizing plant adaptive mechanisms to improve wheat and other crops in drought and salinity prone environment. Annals of Applied Biology 146: 239-259.

36. Safarnejad, A., Sadr, S.V.A., and Hamidi, H. 2007. Effect of salinity stress on morphological characters of Nigella sativa. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 15(1): 75-84 (In Persian with English Summary).

37. Shannon, M.C., 1986. Breeding, selection and the genetics of salt tolerance. In: R.C. Staples and G.H. (Eds.). Toenniessn Salinity tolerance in Plants. 231-252. John Wiley and Sons.

38. Smikhina, L.P. 1981. Changes in refractive index of water on magnetic treatment. Colloid Journal 2: 401-404.

39. Soltani, A., Galeshi, S., Zenali, E., and Latifi, N. 2001. Germination seed reserve utilization and growth of chickpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Science and Technology 30: 51-60. (In Persian with English Summary).

40. Srebrenik, S., Nadiv, S., and Lin, L.J. 1993. Magnetic treatment of water a theoretical quantum model. Journal of Magnetic and Electric Separation 5: 71-91.

41. Sultana, N., Ikeda, T., and Itoh, R. 1999. Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains. Environmental and Experimental Botany 42: 211-220.

42. Vashisth A., and Nagarajan S. 2010. Effect on germination and early growth characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds exposed to static magnetic field. Journal Plant Physiology 167: 149-156.