نقش گردشگری خلاق در توسعه پایدار مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی روستاهای تاریخی- فرهنگی شمال غرب کشور)

Journal of Research and Rural Planning

Article 2, Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 25, January 0, Pages 19-39   

DOI: 10.22067/jrrp.v8i2.67441

Authors

جمشید عینالی^* ; بهروز محمدی یگانه; حسن قاسملو

Abstract

هدف: ناکارآمدی و ناپایداری راهبردهای کلاسیک در پاسخگویی به چالش‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی نواحی روستایی در حال حاضر به عنوان یکی از بزرگترین موانع توسعه پایدار و نیل به اهداف آن مطرح است. از این‌رو، بررسی مبانی نظری نشان می‌دهد که، گردشگری روستایی به عنوان یکی از استراتژی‌های جدید توانسته است به ایجاد تحول در توسعه پایدار روستایی در مناطق مختلف دنیا کمک موثری نماید. ولی امروزه با ظهور گردشگران و مصرف‌کنندگان پست مدرن تجارب استاندارد ارائه شده توسط مکان‌های تفریحی بزرگ، دیگر برای برآوردن خواسته‌های این مصرف‌کنندگان کافی نیست و آنان به دنبال فرصت‌هایی برای تجربه معتبر و منحصر به فرد هستند. از سوی دیگر مناطق روستایی به علت فقر و کمبود امکانات زیرساختی همواره در جذب گردشگر با مشکل روبرو بوده‌اند، لذا گردشگری خلاق به دلیل عدم نیاز به سرمایه‌گذاری عظیم و استفاده از آثار فرهنگی و طبیعی موجود به عنوان یک رویکرد مناسب در توسعه گردشگری روستایی مطرح شده است. لذا پژوهش حاضر در پی بررسی نقش گردشگری خلاق در توسعه پایدار روستایی است. روش تحقیق: تحقیق حاضر از نظر نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی مبتنی بر مشاهده و پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. روایی گویه‌های پرسشنامه از دیدگاه کارشناسان و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (856/0) تایید شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق خانوارهای ساکن در 6 روستای تاریخی- فرهنگی شمال غرب کشور می‌باشد که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 313 سرپرست خانوار به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده، به عنوان نمونه انتخاب گردید. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری نظیر t تک نمونه‌ای و رگریسیون خطی چند متغیره(تحلیل مسیر)، کروسکال والیس استفاده شد. یافته‌های تحقیق: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مقادیر میانگین تمامی مولفه‌های گردشگری خلاق به استثنای ریسک‌پذیری(99/2) بالاتر از 3 بوده و در سطح01/0 معنادار هستند که نشانگر وضعیت مطلوب روستاهای هدف از نظر گردشگری خلاق است. در ادامه بررسی مدل برازش رگریسیون نشان می‌دهد که حدود 83/0 از تاثیر مثبت گردشگری در توسعه پایدار روستایی، متاثر از خلاقیت در گردشگری بوده است. همچنین بر اساس مقادیر بتا، از بین مولفه‌های پنج‌گانه گردشگری خلاق، مشارکت (286/0) بیشترین تاثیر و ریسک‌پذیری(181/0) کمترین تاثیر را توسعه پایدار روستایی از طریق گردشگری، داشته است. بررسی آزمون کروسکال والیس نشان می‌دهد روستای کندوان (257/65) رتبه اول و روستای ورکانه (71/41) رتبه ششم را از نظر گسترش گردشگری خلاق و توسعه پایدار ناشی از آن به خود اختصاد داده است.

Keywords

گردشگری خلاق; توسعه پایدار روستایی; روستاهای تاریخی- فرهنگی; شمالغرب ایران

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