Estimationofchickpea(CicerarietinumL.)(Bivanij)waterrequirement,singleanddualcropcoefficientinlysimeterconditions andcomparisonwiththeSIMDualKcmodel

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

Article 8, Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2017, Pages 164-179   

Document Type: Original Articles

DOI: 10.22067/ijpr.v8i1.48100

Author

Houshang Ghamarnia^*

Razi University

Abstract

Introduction
Thechickpea(CicerarietinumL.)especiallyBivanijcultivarisoneofthemostimportantbeancropscultivatedintheKermanshahProvince.Thehighvalueofproteininchickpeaisthereasonforitscultivation.Foranefficientandoptimumuseofwaterresourcesineacharea,thewaterrequirementandcropcoefficientsofeachplantisnecessary.Thecropevapotranspirationandirrigationwaterrequirementcanbeestimatedfrommeteorologicaldata.Although,aprecisevaluesofmentionedparametersdeterminationcanbeobtainedbylysimeterinthefieldcondition.Determinationofcropcoefficientsisnecessaryforanaccurateirrigationwaterrequirementandirrigationscheduling.Also,cropwaterestimationatdifferentcropstagesmakesitaprecisedeterminationoftotalwaterrequirement.However,waterrequirementandthecropcoefficientsofchickpea(Bivanijcultivar)havenotbeendeterminedinsemiaridareainKermanshahprovinceforpracticalpurposesandproperirrigationmanagementuse.

Materials&Methods
Inthisstudythewaterrequirement,singleanddualcropcoefficientsofchickpea(Bivanij)cultivarwasdeterminedbyusingwaterbalancelysimeterduringtwoyearsfrom2013to2014.FivewaterbalancedrainablelysimetersinthelysimetericstationbelongtoDepartmentofIrrigationandWaterResourcesEngineeringinCampusofAgricultureandNaturalResource,RaziUniversitywereused.Onelysimeterwasusedforgrassevapotranspirationandonelysimeterwasusedforbaresoilevapotranspirationestimation.Therefore,threeLysimeterswereusedfordeterminationofchickpeaevapotranspiration.Drainablelysimeterswereusedwithaninternaldiameterof1.20mandadepthof1.40m.Bothinsideandoutsideofeachlysimeterwerepaintedwithepoxypainttopreventrusting.ATimeDomainReflectometersystem(Trime-FmwithP2Gprobes)wasusedtomeasuresoilmoisture.TDRprobeswere6mmindiameterand160mmlong.Theprobeswereinstalledinalllysimetersat6differentdepthsof0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80,1.0and1.2m.Theirrigationwascarriedoutinalllysimetersafter30%depletionofavailablesoilmoisturetoavoidanywaterstressesduringthegrowingperiod.Thecollectedwaterfromlysimeterswasmeasuredbyagradedcontainer.Siltyclaysoilconsistingof54%clay,42.3%siltand3.7%sandwasusedinlysimeters.Inthisstudy,theSIMDualKcmodelwerecalibratedandvalidatedforchickpeacroptofinditsabilityforproperandaccuratewaterresourcesmanagement.Regressioncoefficients(r),rootmeansquareerror(RMSE),meanbiaserror(MBE)andt-statistictest(t)wereusedforSIMDualKcmodelevaluationbycomparingobservedandsimulatedDualKcvaluesovertime,fortheexperimentalarea.


Results&Discussion
Waterrequirementofchickpea(Bivanijcultivar)wasdeterminedas379.05and480.45mmfor2013and2014respectively.Inthisstudy,theaveragelengthofthefourstagesofchickpeasduringyears2013and2014weredeterminedas16,24,39and25days.Thechickpeagrowingperiodinlysimeterswasdividedintofourstages(initial,development,middleandend).Theaveragesinglecropcoefficientsfordifferentperiodsofgrowthwereobtainedas0.54,0.82,1.11and0.69,respectively.Moreover,thebasalcropcoefficientsofchickpeasvaluesfordifferentperiodsofgrowthintwoyearsandtheaveragevalueswereobtainedas0.39,0.71,1.01and0.62,respectively.Also,bycomparingtheresultsoflysimetericdatawithSIMDualKcmodelitwasobservedthattheresultsofthemodelwithcalculationresultswerehighlycorrelatedas(R2=0.85)intheyear2013and(R2=0.86)inyear2014.

Conclusion
TheseasonalETcofchickpea(Bivanijcultivar)wasdeterminedinsemiaridareaofKermanshahprovince.Accordingtoobtainedresultsduringoftwoyearsinvestigation,itcanbesuggestthattheestimatedwaterrequirementandirrigationmanagementofchickpea’splantindryandsemi-dryclimatewithacceptableaccuracywaspossible.TheresultsofthisresearchshowedtheabilityofSIMDualKcmodelforestimatingallirrigationmanagementparameterswithhighaccuracyconditions.

Keywords

Drainablelysimeter; Referenceplant; Semi-dryclimaticconditions; Waterrequirement

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