واکنش گیاه ماش (ژنوتیپ VC-1973A) به تاریخ کاشت، تراکم بوته و آبیاری در منطقه گرگان

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 8، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 180-191   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v8i1.33490

نویسندگان

جواد فدایی^{* 1}؛ ابوالفضل فرجی²؛ محمد رضا داداشی¹؛ آسیه سیاهمرگویی³

¹آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی گلستان

³دانشکده علوم زراعی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت، تراکم بوته و آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (ژنوتیپ VC-1973A) آزمایشی در تابستان 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان انجام شد. در این بررسی از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار استفاده شد. سه تاریخ کاشت 15‌تیر، 30‌تیر و 15‌مرداد و دو تراکم بوته 5/12 و 25‌بوته در متر‌مربع به‌‌صورت فاکتوریل با همدیگر ترکیب شدند. آزمایش در دو شرایط آبیاری (مراحل شروع گلدهی و شروع غلاف‌بندی) و دیم انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط آبی و دیم، تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر روی تمامی صفات از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. تاریخ کاشت 15‌تیر در هر دو شرایط آبی و دیم بهترین تاریخ کاشت بود. میزان عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبی در تاریخ کاشت 15‌تیر 2900‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و در شرایط دیم 1636‌کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین در شرایط آبی، آبیاری در دو مرحله شروع گلدهی و شروع غلاف‌بندی باعث شد میزان عملکرد دانه و ماده خشک افزایش قابل‌توجهی داشته باشد. در کشت دیر، گیاه سریع‌تر وارد مرحله زایشی شد و در نتیجه موجب کاهش تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در غلاف شد که کاهش عملکرد دانه را به‌دنبال داشت. نتایج نشان داد گیاه ماش پتانسیل تولید بالایی در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی منطقه دارد و تحت هر دو شرایط دیم و آبی، تاریخ کاشت 15‌تیر و تراکم 25‌بوته در متر‌مربع می‌تواند برای زراعت ماش در منطقه توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ گرگان؛ ماده خشک؛ ماش

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