تحلیل رفتار انسان‌های گرفتارشده در مخاطرات آتش‌سوزی بر اساس مدل تصمیم‌گیری برای اقدام محافظتی [PADM](مورد مطالعه: ساختمان‌های بلند اداری شهر تهران)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 7، دوره 7، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 28، بهمن 1397، صفحه 111-130   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geo.v0i0.75934

نویسندگان

سید یاسر موسوی؛ شهاب کریمی نیا^* ؛ شیرین طغیانی

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد

چکیده

تحلیل رفتار افراد در هنگام مخاطرات و در مرحله پیش از فرار عامل مهمی در جهت پیش‌بینی تصمیم‌سازی‌های فرار مخصوصاً در ساختمان‌های بلند به علت داشتن ارتفاع و تعداد افراد است. فرار افراد ارتباط مستقیم با ادراک خطر آن‌ها دارد. هر چه ادراک خطر بالاتر رود زمان خروج افراد در مرحله پیش از فرار نیز کاهش می‌یابد. این مطالعه باهدف، ابتدا تعیین رفتارهای افراد گرفتار شده در حریق در مرحله پیش از فرار و سپس بر اساس مدل تصمیم‌گیری برای اقدام محافظتی، سنجش میزان ادراک خطر این رفتارها و درنهایت تعیین رفتارهایی که در مرحله پیش از فرار زمان بیشتری را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد، تبیین می‌گردد. روش تحقیق از نوع ترکیبی و ضریب تعیین(R2) و همچنین ضریب مسیر(Beta)، از تحلیل نرم‌افزار Spss22، از طریق تحلیل رگرسیون خطی به دست آمده است. دامنه تحقیق شامل 8 ساختمان  بلند اداری در معرض حریق قرار گرفته در بین سال‌های 1396-1390 در تهران است که دارای حجم نمونه  245 نفر از افرادی است که یا در حریق گرفتارشده‌اند و یا در جریان فرار شرکت کرده‌اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که اولاً: رفتارهای شکل گرفته در مرحله پیش از فرار در دو قسمت عملکردی و اطلاعاتی دسته‌بندی می‌شود و ثانیاً: بر اساس مدل تصمیم‌گیری برای اقدام محافظتی رفتارهای"عدم باز کردن درب واحد به علت دود گیر بودن در لابی و راهرو"،"جمع‌آوری دارایی‌ها"و "با توجه به آشنایی از مسیر، مکان راه پله را پیدا کردم"دارای بیشترین رابطه با ادراک خطر و صرف زمان کمتری است. افزودن شدت و اعتبار نشانه‌ها و هشدارها، اطلاع‌رسانی صوتی، نصب تابلوها و علائم و بالا بردن سطح آشنایی از مکان افراد در ساختمان‌های بلند اداری، باعث بالا رفتن ادراک خطر و کاهش زمان فرار در مخاطرات آتش‌سوزی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ساختمان بلند اداری؛ رفتار انسان؛ مدل تصمیم گیری برای اقدام محافظتی؛ مخاطرات آتش سوزی

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