اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع گونه ای علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (Zea mays L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 11، دوره 5، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 18، دی 1392، صفحه 443-451   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v5i4.33007

نویسندگان

علی قنبری^* ؛ زهره قویدل؛ رضا قربانی؛ قدریه محمودی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع، تراکم و ترکیب گونه ای علف های هرز در مزرعه ذرت (Zea mays L.) آزمایشی با چهار تیمار با سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری (6130، 7290، 8800 و 12330 مترمکعب) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 88-1387 اجرا شد. نمونه برداری از جمعیت علف های هرز در چهار مرحله (اوائل، اواسط و اواخر دوره بحرانی و زمان برداشت) به روش پیمایشی با الگوی سیستماتیک انجام شد. سپس کلیه گونه ها نمونه ها به تفکیک، شمارش و ثبت گردید. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر تنوع گونه های مختلف معنی دار بود. در اوائل دوره بحرانی بیشترین تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمار های آبی با حجم 8800 و 7290 متر مکعب و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 12330 و 6130 متر مکعب بود. در زمان برداشت بیشترین تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 12330 و 6130 و 8800 متر مکعب و کمترین میزان تنوع در شاخص های مختلف مربوط به تیمارهای آبی با حجم 7290 و 8800 و 6130 متر مکعب بود. میزان ثبات پایداری گونه های موجود در مزرعه تحت شرایط مختلف آبیاری دچار تغییر شد؛ به طوری که بیشترین پایداری در کمترین میزان آبیاری بود و بیشترین تعداد گونه های ناپایدار در بیشترین میزان آب آبیاری مشاهده شد، اما غالبیت گونه ای چنین تأثیرپذیری در مقابل تغییرات آب آبیاری نشان نداد. به طور کلی، پاسخ گونه ها به تغییرات سطوح مختلف آبیاری متفاوت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص سیمپسون؛ شاخص شانون؛ شاخص منهینیک؛ غالبیت

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