زمین شناسی، زمین شیمی و مطالعات میان بارهای سیال در رگه های کوارتزی مس- مولیبدن- طلا دار قره چیلر، شمال خاور خاروانا، آذربایجان شرقی

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقاله 5، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 18، 1397، صفحه 139-171   

نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.v10i1.58161

نویسندگان

فریبا آسیای صوفیانی؛ میر علی اصغر مختاری؛ حسین کوهستانی^* ؛ امیرمرتضی عظیم زاده

زنجان

چکیده

رخداد معدنی قره چیلر در فاصله 70 کیلومتری شمال تبریز واقع‌شده است و بخشی از پهنه کانه‌دار ارسباران در پهنه ساختاری البرز باختری- آذربایجان محسوب می‌شود. کانه‌زایی به شکل رگه ای در میزبان توده گرانودیوریت- کوارتزمونزودیوریت رخ‌داده است. کانه‌های فلزی در منطقه قره چیلر شامل کالکوپیریت، پیریت، مولیبدنیت و گالن و کانی های باطله شامل کوارتز، کلسیت و آنکریت است. مهم ترین بافت های کانسنگ شامل رگه-رگه‌چه ای، بِرشی، دانه پراکنده، پُرکننده فضای خالی، بازماندی و جانشینی است. چهار مرحله کانه زایی در قره چیلر قابل تشخیص است، این مراحل با رگه های کوارتز- پیریت- کالکوپیریت (مرحله اول) آغاز و به ترتیب با تشکیل رگه- رگه‌چه های کوارتز- مولیبدنیت- پیریت (مرحله دوم)، رگه‌چه‌های هیدروکسید آهنی طلادار (مرحله سوم) و سرانجام رگه‌چه های منفرد و یا دسته‌ رگه‌چه های نیمه موازی تا متقاطع کوارتز- کربنات تأخیری (مرحله چهارم) ادامه یافته است. دگرسانی گرمابی به بخش های سیلیسی، سرسیتی و کربناتی بخش‌های کانه‌دار محدود می شود. دگرسانی پروپیلیتیک در خارج از بخش های کانه دار و دگرسانی پتاسیک به صورت محدود در منطقه رخ داده اند. مقایسه الگوی عناصر کمیاب خاکی در توده گرانودیوریت- کوارتزمونزودیوریت میزبان سالم و بدون کانه زایی، توده دگرسان شده و رگه های کوارتز کانه دار، بیانگر تهی شدگی مشخص در میزان این عناصر در توده دگرسان شده و به ویژه رگه های کانه دار است. این امر بیانگر تحرک این عناصر توسط سیالات ماگمایی- گرمابی غنی از کلر و فلوئوردار است که سبب شست‌وشو و حمل آنها از بخش های دگرسانی و کانه زایی شده اند. دمای همگن شدن میان بارهای سیال دو فازی موجود در کوارتزهای مراحل اول و دوم کانه زایی در محدوده دمای 182-532 درجه سانتی گراد قرار می‌گیرد. دمای ذوب یخ از 7/5- تا 22- درجه سانتی گراد متغیر است که منطبق بر شوری بین 2/9 تا 5/23 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام است. دمای همگن شدن میان بارهای سیال سه فازی نوع اول (Tm-h Th) به ترتیب بین 197-530 و 203-375 درجه سانتی گراد و شوری آنها به ترتیب بین 5/29 تا 1/55 و 4/32 تا 6/45 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام است. روند دمای همگن شدن- شوری با ترکیبی از فرآیندهای آمیختگی هم دمای سیال های با شوری متفاوت و جوشش سازگار است. رخداد مس، مولیبدن و طلا در اثر این فرآیندها و همچنین واکنش سیال کانه دار با کمرسنگ ها صورت گرفته است. ویژگی های زمین شناسی، ساخت و بافت کانسنگ، کانی شناسی کانسنگ، زمین شیمی و داده های میان بارهای سیال بیانگر کانه زایی رگه ای مس- مولیبدن- طلا مرتبط با سیستم‌های مس- مولیبدن پورفیری و ذخایر طلای مرتبط با توده های نفوذی در منطقه قره چیلر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زمین شناسی؛ زمین شیمی؛ میان بارهای سیال؛ قره چیلر؛ خاروانا؛ ارسباران

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