اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر بهبود رابطه والد- فرزندی در مادران دارای کودک کم‌توان ذهنی

پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی و مشاوره

مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 16، دی 1397، صفحه 84-100   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijap.v8i2.68383

نویسندگان

سید محسن حجت خواه¹؛ ایمان مصباح^{* 2}؛ محسن گل محمدیان³

¹رازی کرمانشاه

²دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

³رازی

چکیده

هدف: تعیین اثربخشی درمان گروهی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر بهبود رابطه والد- فرزندی در مادران دارای کودک کم‌توان ذهنی
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر آزمایشی از نوع طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و پیگیری بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل تمامی مادران دارای کودک کم- توان ذهنی بودند که فرزندانشان در مدارس استثنایی شهرستان دزفول در سال تحصیلی 96-1395 به تحصیل اشتغال داشتند. از جامعه فوق تعداد 30 نفر از مادران دارای کودک کم‌توان ذهنی به روش تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل گمارده شدند. آزمودنی‌های گروه آزمایش طی 10 جلسه نوددقیقه‌ای، (هر هفته دو جلسه) درمان گروهی را دریافت کردند و شرکت‌کنندگان در گروه کنترل هیچ‌گونه درمان گروهی دریافت نکردند. ابزار پژوهش شامل مقیاس رابطه مادر-کودک راس (1961) بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره تحلیل شدند.   
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش در مرحله پس­آزمون و پیگیری نشان داد بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل ازنظر رابطه مادر- کودک تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد  0/001)>p). با توجه به یافته­های پژوهش می­توان گفت درمان گروهی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد روشی کارآمد در بهبود رابطه والد- فرزندی در مادران دارای کودک کم‌توان ذهنی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی: درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد؛ رابطه والد- فرزندی؛ مادران؛ کودک کم توان ذهنی

مراجع

Aghabiklooei, A., Rasoul Zadeh Tabatabie, K., Mousavi Chelak, H. (2001). Child abuse and neglect. Tehran: Avand Danesh, pp: 17-21. (In Persian).

Aslani, T., & Azadeh, S., M. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on improving social well-being and maternal-reproductive relationships of single-parent parents, supervisor, a third international conference on psychology, educational sciences and lifestyle, torbat heydarieh, torbat-e-heydarieh university. (In Persian)

Association, A. P., & others. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.

Bluett, E. J., Homan, K. J., Morrison, K. L., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders: An empirical review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 6; 612–624.

Belsky, J., & pluess. M. (2011). Differential susceptibility to long-term effects of quality of child care on externalizing behavior in adolescence? International, Journal of Behavioral Development, 36(1), 2-10.

Abdullahi, A. (2014). The effectiveness of parenting education based on adoption and commitment to parent-child relations, improvement of parenting styles and aggression in preschool children in neishabour city. Master's thesis for clinical psychology. Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian)

Behrooz, B., Boali, F., Heydarizadeh, N. and Farhadi M. (2014). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological symptoms, coping styles and quality of life in type II diabetic patients. Journal of Health, 7 (2), 253-236. (In Persian)

Butler, L., Johns, L. C., Byrne, M., Joseph, C., O’Donoghue, E., Jolley, S., Morris, E. M.J., Oliver, J. E. (2016). Running acceptance and commitment therapy groups for psychosis in community settings. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5, 33-38.

Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis-stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 885–908.

Barney, J. Y., Field, C. E., Morrison, K. L., & Twohig. M. P. (2017). Treatment of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder utilizing parent-facilitated acceptance and commitment therapy. Psychology in the Schools, 54(1), 88-100.

Brinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., & Berglund, G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of stress among social workers: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 6–7, 389–398.

Carnes-Holt, K. (2012). Child–Parent Relationship Therapy for Adoptive Families. The Family Journal, 20(4):419–26.

Dubois- Comtois, K., Bernier, A., Tarabulsy, G. M., Cyr, C., St- Laurent, D., Lanctot, A. S., St- Onge., Moss, E., & Beliveau, M. J. (2015). Behavior problems of children in foster care: Associations with foster mothers’ representations, commitment, and the quality of mother-child interaction. Child Abuse Negl, 48, 119-130.

Dadsetan, P., Ahmadi Azandi, A., & Hasan Abadi, R. (2006). Parental tension and general health. Iranian Psychology Quarterly. 7, 184-171. (In Persian).

Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J., Schreurs, K. M.G., & Spinhoven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 51(3), 142–151.

Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010). A randomized worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(8), 816–820.

Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D. (2008). New directions in cognitive behavior therapy: acceptance-based therapies, chapter to appear in w. o’donohue, JE. fisher, (eds), cognitive behavior therapy: Applying empirically supported treatments in your practice, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 263-265.

Foroughan, M., Molly, G., Salimi, M., Asadi Malayeri, S. (2006). Effect of counseling on the mental health of parents of hearing-impaired children. Journal of Audiology, 1 (2), 53-56. (In Persian)

Farhadi Asl, L. (2016). The Effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the Quality of Relationships Parents of Children with Parents with Learning Disorders, Third International Conference on Recent Innovations in Psychology, Counseling and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran, Nikan Institute of Higher Education. (In Persian)

Gregg, J. A., Callaghan, G. M., Hayse, S. C., & Glenn-Lawson, J. L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 336-343.

Haghranjbar, F., Kakavand, A., Barjali, A., & Barmas, A. (2012). Resilience and quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children. Systematics and Psychology, 1 (1), 187-177. (In Persian)

Hojatkhah, S. M., & Mesbah, I. (2017). The Effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to internalized shame and social adjustment of mothers of children with the mental retardation Quarterly journal of Exceptional Persons, Allameh Tabataba'i University, 6 (24), 180-153. (In Persian)

Hamill, T. S., Pickett, S. M., Amsbaugh, H. M., & Aho, K. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance in relation to Behavioral Inhibition System sensitivity and psychological distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 24-29.

Hayes, SC., Strosahl, K. Wilson, KG., Bissett, RC., Pistorelo, J., Tormino, D., & etall. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. Psychol Rec, 54(4), 553-578.

Izadi, R., & Abedi, M., R. (2016). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment. Fifth edition, Tehran: Jangal, Kavoshir. (In Persian).

Kabiri Nasab., Y., Abdollah Zadeh, H. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness based on acceptance and commitment to the awareness of the body and expression of the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 2 (2), 132-125. (In Persian).

Khanjani, Z., Peymannia, B., & Hashemi, T. (2016). Predicting the quality of mother-child interaction with various types of anxiety disorders in primary school children according to cultural characteristics of Iranian mothers. New Educational Thoughts, 12 (2), 260-239. (In Persian).

Khanjani, Z., Hashemi, T., Peymannia, B., & Aghagolzadeh, M. (2014). The relationship between the quality of mother-child interaction in separation anxiety and school phobia in children. Nursing magazine of Urmia, 25 (3), 240-231. (In Persian).

Khodabakhshi Koolaee, AK., Khazan. S., & Tagvaee, D. (2014). Mother-child relationship and burden in families of children with mental retardation. Middle East Journal of family medicine, 7 (10): 32-36. (In Persian).

Laing, S, McMahon, C., Ungerer, J., Taylor, A., Badawi, N & Spence, K. (2010). Mother-child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring newborn surgery. Early Human Development, 86, 793–800.

Lotfi, M., Farokhi., & Faqihzadeh, S. (2014). Development of motor skills in mentally retarded children. Quarterly Exceptional Children's Edition, 14 (4), 68-58. (In Persian).

Lotfi Kashani, F, & Vaziri, Sh. (2007). Child psychiatry. Tehran: Arasbaran publication. (In Persian)

McCracken, L. M., Sato, A., & Taylor, G. J. (2013). A trial of a brief group-based form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain in general practice: Pilot outcome and process results. The Journal of Pain, 14, (11), 1398-1406.

Mantyamaa, M., Puura, K., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R., &Tamminen, T. (2004). Early mother-infant interaction, parental mental health, and symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems in toddlers. Infant Behavior & Development, 27, 134- 149.

Mousavi Vanhari, F. (2015). The effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on Reducing Psychological Distress in Mothers with Mental and Physical Infertility, The First National Congress on Social Empowerment in the Social Sciences of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Center for Empowerment of Social and Cultural Skills. (In Persian).

Mckay, M., Lev, A., & Skeen. M. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy for interpersonal problems (along with group therapy leaflet). Translation by Mahmoud Roganchi, Rezvan Sadat Jazayeri, Azra Etemadi, Maryam Fatehizadeh, Khademarad Momeni and Seyyed Mohsen Hojjatkhah. (2016). Kermanshah, Razi University Press.

Mohammadi, A., Keshavarzi Arshadi., F, Farzad. & Salehi, M. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment treatment on marital satisfaction of depressed women. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 17 (2), Successive 64, 35-26. (In Persian)

Masen p H., Kiggan, J., Houston, E., K., and Congar, J. (No more). Growth and child's personality. Translation by Mahshid Yasayi (2012). Sixth Printing, Tehran, Center Publishing.

Mirzahoseini, H., Pourabdel, S., Sobhi Qaramalki, N., & Saravani. (2016). The effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy is to reduce student cognitive avoidance learning disabilities. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 22 (3), 175-166. (In Persian).

Montgomery, D. (2015). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on parents of children diagnosed with autism. dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy psychology. College of social and behavioral sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.

Naddaf Sangani, H., R. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for mothers on the relationship between parent and child bearing hyperactivity disorder. Fourth International Conference on Behavioral Sciences and Social Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. (In Persian).

Ogilvie, A. M. (2005). balancing act: Child welfare and overindulgence. Journal of Children and Youth Services Review, 28(65), 610-619.

Permeghias, A. (1382). The study of effective factors on the attitude of mothers with mentally handicapped children towards the ways of keeping mentally handicapped children in families and night-time institutions of Tehran province. Master's thesis on rehabilitation management. University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences.

Parsa, M. (2014). Psychology of child and adolescent development. Twentieth Printing, Tehran: Be'sat Publishing. (In Persian).

Runcan. P. L. (2012). The time factor: does it influence the parent-child relationship? Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 33, 11-14.

Roth, R. M. (1961). Manual the mother-child relationship evaluation. Los Angeles: Division of Manson Western Corporation.

Razavi, j. S., & Robat Mili, S. (2016). Parenting styles and their definitions. The first international conference on modern research in the field of education and psychology and social studies, Center for Islamic Studies and Studies, Soroush Hekmat Mortazavi, Qom, Iran. (In Persian).

Saavedra, K. (2008). Toward a new acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment of problematic anger for low-income minorities in substance abuse recovery: A randomized controlled experiment. PsyD dissertation, Wright Institute, Berkeley, CA.

Swain, J., Hancock, K., Hainsworth, C., & Bowman, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 3, (8), 965–978.

Saeedi, M., & Khalatbari, J. (2016). The effectiveness of treatment-based on acceptance and commitment on adaptation and quality of life for people with disabilities covered by well-being. Quarterly Journal of Educational Psychology, 7 (1), 62-53. (In Persian)

Shariatmadari, A. (2006). Educational psychology. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications. (In Persian).

Varela, R. E., Sanchez-Sosa, J. J., Bridget, K. B., & Timothy, M. L. (2009).Parenting strategies and socio-cultural influences in childhood anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorder, 23(5), 609–616.

Vanaki, Z, Mohammad Khan Kermanshahi, P. S., Ahmadi F., Azad Falahi, P., & Kazemnejad. A. (2006). Mothers' experiences of having a retarded mentally. Rehabilitation Journal. 7 (3): 33-26. (In Persian).

Wang, S., Zhou. Y., Yu, S., Ran, L. W., Liu, X. P., & Chen, Y. F. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive–behavioral therapy as treatments for academic procrastination. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(1), 48-58.

Whittingham, K., Sheffield, J., & Boyd, R. N. (2016). Parenting acceptance and commitment therapy: a randomized controlled trial of an innovative online course for families of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 6(10), 1-6. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012807.

Yadavaia, J. E., & Hayes, S. C., & Vilardaga, R. (2014). Using acceptance and commitment therapy to increase self-compassion: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 4; 248–257.

Yazerlo, M., Kalantari, M., & Mehrabi, H. (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on quality of life in Golestan police officers. Journal of Law Enforcement, Golestan, 7 (26), 158-139. (In Persian).

Zamiri, R. (2005). The relationship between the type of delivery and the emotional relationship between the child and the mother in preschool girls (kindergartens under the supervision of the welfare organization of Mashhad), Islamic Azad University of Roodehen Branch. (In Persian).