بررسی اثر تراکم کاشت و میزان مصرف کود دامی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیای قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 9، شماره 1، دی 1397، صفحه 12-28   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v9i1.50242

نویسندگان

قربانعلی اسدی^* ؛ راحله احمدزاده قویدل؛ محمد تقی ناصری پور یزدی؛ رضا قربانی؛ سرور خرم دل

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیای قرمز تحت تأثیر تراکم کاشت و سطوح کود دامی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 94-1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح کود دامی (صفر، 15 و 30 تن در هکتار)، سه تراکم بوته (13/13، 20 و 40 بوته در مترمربع) و چهار رقم لوبیای قرمز (اختر، D-81083 ناز و گلی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده کود دامی، تراکم و رقم بر اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه معنی­دار (05/0p≤) بود. با افزایش مصرف کود دامی اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد لوبیا افزایش یافت. مصرف کود دامی تا 15 و 30 تن در هکتار به‌دلیل بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک، موجب بهبود عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب برابر با 7 و 15 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین با افزایش تراکم بوته روند افزایشی برای عملکرد مشاهده گردید. در بین ارقام بالاترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم ناز (04/291 گرم بر مترمربع) بود و کمترین میزان به رقم اختر (63/236 گرم بر مترمربع) اختصاص داشت. بالاترین عملکرد دانه ارقام لوبیای قرمز در شرایط سطوح مصرف کود دامی به‌ترتیب برای گلی+مصرف 30 تن کود دامی (59/305 گرم در مترمربع) و اختر+ بدون مصرف کود دامی (33/220 گرم در مترمربع) به‌دست آمد. عملکرد دانه با ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن دانه در غلاف و وزن 100دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری (01/0p≤) داشت و بالاترین ضریب همبستگی برای وزن 100دانه (**723/0R2=) به‌دست آمد. تفاوت­های ژنتیکی بین ارقام مختلف باعث بروز تفاوت در اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد گردید، به‌طوری­که بالاترین عملکرد دانه در بین ارقام مورد مطالعه مربوط به رقم ناز بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تفاوت ژنتیکی؛ خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک؛ رقم ناز؛ ضریب همبستگی؛ وزن 100دانه

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