دگرسانی، کانی سازی، زمین‌ شیمی و مطالعه سیالات درگیر در معدن فیروزه، شمال‌ غرب نیشابور

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقاله 2، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 19، اسفند 1397، صفحه 325-354   

نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.v10i2.62579

نویسندگان

علیرضا غیاثوند؛ محمد حسن کریم‌‍‌ پور^* ؛ آزاده ملکزاده شفارودی؛ محمد رضا حیدریان شهری

فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

معدن فیروزه در شمال‌‌غرب نیشابور و در شرق کمربند ماگمایی قوچان- سبزوار قرار دارد و از نظر ساختاری جزو بخش غربی زون بینالود است. زمین‌شناسی این منطقه متشکل از گدازه و پیروکلاستیک­‌هایی با سن پالئوسن- ائوسن است که توده­‌های نفوذی نیمه‌عمیق با سن ائوسن میانی در آنها نفوذ کرده­ اند. مهم‌ترین دگرسانی‌هایی که واحدهای آتشفشانی و نفوذی منطقه را تحت تأثیر قرار داده شامل سیلیسی، آرژیلیک و کربناتی است. کانی ­سازی در سطح و تونل‌‌ها در درز و شکستگی‌‌ها اغلب به شکل‌های افشان، استوک­‌ورک، رگه- ‌رگه‌چه و برش گرمابی دیده می­‌شود. کانی‌های اولیه شامل اسپکیولاریت، مگنتیت، پیریت، کالکوپیریت و بورنیت و کانی‌های ثانویه شامل هماتیت، آلونیت، کوولیت، فیروزه و لیمونیت هستند. اکتشافات ژئوشیمیایی، ناهنجاری‌های عناصر مس (تا ppm 1074)، طلا (تا ppb 699)، آهن (تا 30 درصد)، سریم (تا ppm 464)، لانتانیم (تا ppm 227)، اورانیوم (تا ppm 243) و کبالت (تا بیش از ppm 10000) را نشان می‌دهد. بر مبنای بررسی‌های سیالات درگیر، دمای تشکیل کانسار بین 147 تا 278 درجه سانتی‌گراد با میانگین 203 درجه سانتی‌گراد بوده و از محلولی شامل نمک‌های KCl، CaCl2، MgCl2 و NaCl با درجه شوری بین 56/5 تا 08/17 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام به‌وجود آمده است. فرایند اختلاط بین محلول ماگمایی گرم و شور با محلول سرد و کم‌شور جوی و نیز فرایند جوشش توانسته است باعث ته‌نشینی عناصر شود. این کانسار منشأ ماگمایی- گرمابی دارد و مرتبط با فعالیت‌های ماگماتیکی ترشیری وابسته به زون فرورانش ورقه اقیانوسی نئوتتیس سبزوار به زیر صفحه توران است. بررسی‌های زمین‌شناسی، دگرسانی، کانی‌سازی، ژئوشیمی، ژئوفیزیکی و سیالات درگیر در معدن فیروزه نیشابور نشان‌دهنده حضور کانی­‌سازی بزرگی از نوع اکسید آهن مس- طلا- اورانیوم- عناصر نادر خاکی سبک مشابه با بخش هماتیت‌- غالب کانسار IOCG المپیک دم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کانی‌ سازی؛ اکتشافات زمین‌ شیمیایی؛ سیالات درگیر؛ اکسید آهن مس- طلا؛ معدن فیروزه نیشابور

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