بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم آزاد

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 1، دی 1397، صفحه 57-68   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v9i1.53816

نویسندگان

غلامرضا دره کی^* ؛ غلامرضا زمانی؛ محمدحسن سیاری

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

تنش شوری از تنش­های مهم غیرزیستی است که اثرات زیانباری بر عملکرد گیاه و کیفیت محصول دارد. خسارت شوری در گیاهان از طریق بروز تنش یونی و اسمزی است که ضمن تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، بسیاری فرآیندهای دخیل در رشد و نمو گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم بر گیاه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم آزاد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای شوری خاک از منبع کلرید سدیم شامل 1، 3، 5، 7 و 9‌دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، شوری اثر منفی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ و سطح برگ نخود داشت، به­طوری­که بیشترین سطح شوری (9دسی زیمنس بر متر) در این آزمایش نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب موجب کاهش 44/22‌درصدی ارتفاع، 84/15‌درصدی تعداد برگ، 36/58‌درصدی سطح برگ، 72/59‌درصدی غلظت پتاسیم برگ و افزایش 75/76‌درصدی غلظت سدیم برگ شد. همچنین اثر شوری بر اجزای عملکرد در این آزمایش نشان داد که افزایش شوری از یک به 9دسی­زیمنس بر متر به‌ترتیب باعث کاهش 33/33‌درصدی تعداد غلاف بارور، 83/59‌درصدی عملکرد دانه در بوته، 44/44‌درصدی وزن 100دانه و 34/39‌درصدی وزن خشک کل نخود شد. بیشترین اثرات شوری بر صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده نخود در این آزمایش در شوری 7دسی زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع بوته؛ سطح برگ؛ شوری خاک؛ عملکرد دانه؛ وزن خشک کل

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