اثر سَرزنی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و صفات مؤثر بر پُرشدن دانه ارقام باقلا (Vicia faba L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 9، دوره 9، شماره 1، دی 1397، صفحه 129-141   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v9i1.57934

نویسندگان

عارفه علی پور قاسم آباد سفلی؛ علی راحمی کاریزکی^* ؛ علی نخ زری مقدم؛ عباس بیابانی؛ مهدی تراشی

دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین اثر سَرزنی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، سرعت پُرشدن دانه، دوره پُرشدن دانه و کلروفیل برگ پنج رقم باقلا آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس در سال زراعی 1394-1393 اجرا شد. عامل اول ارقام باقلا با پنج سطح (زهره، شامی، شش‌بند، سرازیری و برکت) و عامل دوم با دو سطح سَرزنی و عدم سَرزنی بود. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که سَرزنی فقط بر طول غلاف، وزن100دانه و ارتفاع بوته تأثیر گذاشت و بر سایر صفات اثر معنی‌داری نداشت. عامل رقم بر مؤلفه‌های عملکرد (تعداد شاخه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، طول غلاف، وزن100دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت)، سرعت و دوره پُرشدن دانه اثر معنی‌دار داشت. درحالی‌که اثر متقابل رقم در سَرزنی تنها روی ارتفاع بوته معنی‌دار شد. سَرزنی باعث کاهش طول غلاف و افزایش وزن100دانه شد. حداکثر وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه به رقم سرازیری به‌ترتیب با 23/83 گرم و2/262گرم در متر مربع تعلق داشت. درحالی‌که رقم شامی‌با 74/63 گرم و 180گرم در مترمربع به‌ترتیب از کمترین وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه برخوردار بود. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین شاخص برداشت به‌ترتیب در رقم سرازیری با 32/32درصد و در رقم شامی‌با 54/24درصد مشاهده شد. در مجموع با توجه به شرایط گنبد کاووس رقم سرازیری، زهره و برکت نسبت به دو رقم دیگر، شامی‌و شش‌بند مطلوب‌تر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارقام باقلا؛ دوره پر شدن دانه؛ سرعت پرشدن دانه؛ کلروفیل

مراجع

1. Abdallah, A.A., El Naim, A.M., Ahmed, M.F., and Taha, M.B. 2015. Biological yield and harvest index of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as affected by different agro-ecological environments. World Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 78-82.

2. Afshari Behbahani Zadeh, S., Akbari, Gh.A., Iran nejad, H., and Farrokhi, A. 2011. Study the phenological stages reaction and yield of sunflower hybrids to resize physiological source and sink in the Pakdasht region. The First National Conference on New Issues in Agriculture, Saveh, November 2011. Islamic Azad University of Saveh. (In Persian).

3. Ahmadi, A., Saeedi, M., and Jahansouz, M.R. 2005. The pattern of photoassimilate distribution and grain filling in wheat cultivars in drought stress and non-drought stress. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 36 (6): 1333-1343. (In Persian).

4. Aufhammer, W., and Gotz-Lee, I. 1991. Effects of inflorescence removal on interactions between reproductive storage sites of field beans (Vicia faba L.) under different shading treatments. Journal Agriculture Science 116: 409-415.

5. Baghban Amin, A., Rahemi Karizaki, A., Biabani, A., and Nakhzari Mogaddam, A. 2014. Modelling accumulation and distribution of dry matter in the Faba bean. M.Sc Thesis. University of Gonbad Kavoos, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).

6. Barma, N.C.D., Amin, M.R., and Sarkar, Z.T. 1992. Variability and association of grain yield with vegetative and grain filing period in spring wheat. Annuals of Bangladesh Agriculture 2: 1063-66.

7. Bruckner, P.L., and Frohberg, R.C. 1987. Rate and duration of grain fill in spring wheat. Crop Science 27: 451-455.

8. Chapman, G.P., Hilary, l., and Peat, W.E. 1978. Top-removal in single stem plants of Vicia faba L. Department of Plant Sciences. Wye College (University of London), U.K. 89 (S): 119-127.

9. De Pascale, S., and Barbieri, G. 1997. Effects of soil salinity and top removal on growth and yield of Broad bean as a green vegetable. Scientia Horticulturae 71(3-4): 147-165.

10. Della, A. 1988. Characteristics and variation of Cyprus faba bean germplasm. Faba Bean Information Service, FABIS Newsletter (ICARDA) 2: 9-12.

11. Ebdali Mashhadi, A.R., Nabi Pour, M., and Bakhshandeh. 2008. Study of effects topping on qualitative and quantitative of Silymarin in native populations of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum, L.). Electronic Journal of Crop Production 1(2): 1-14. (In Persian with English Summary).

12. Fehr, W.R., and Cavieness, C.E. 1977. Stage of Soybean Development. Agriculture and Home Economics Experimental Station. IOWA State University of Science and Technology, Special Rep. 80.

13. Ghanbari, A.A., and Dari, H.R. 2005. The Study and determination of GDD for different phenological stages Pinto bean lines. The First National Conference Pulses, Plant Sciences Research Centre of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).

14. Hassanvand, H., Siadat, S.A., Moraditelavat, M.R., Mussavi, S.H., and Karaminejad, A. 2015. Response of yield and some morphological characteristics of two Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars to different sowing date in Ahwaz region. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 25 (2): 79-89. (In Persian with English Summary).

15. Hassan Zadeh, A.Kh., Rahemi Karizaki, A., Nakhzari Moghaddam, A., and Biabani, A. 2013. The combined effect of terminal heat of last growth season and competition between plants on phenology, yield and components yield in Faba bean. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 6(4): 151-163. (In Persian with English Summary).

16. Hosseinpour, T., Syadat, S.A., Mamghani, R., Fathi, Gh., and Rafiie, M. 2006. Study the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat genotypes under dry land conditions Lorestan Kouhdasht. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 66 (5): 13-77.(In Persian).

17. Kafi, M., Kamkar, B., and Mahdavi Damghani, A. 2001. Biological Seed and Yield of Grain Products (Translation(. First Print. Press- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, p232.

18. Kouchaki, A., and Banaeian Avval, M. 2004. Agriculture Legumes. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, p. 333.

19. Mehr Aeen, S., Maghsoudi, K., and Emam, Y. 2013. Effect of the removal of leaves above and below the ear on grain yield and yield components on maize hybrid SC704. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 15(2): 152-165. (In Persian with English Summary).

20. Miri, Kh., Babaeian Jelvedar, N.A., Ranjbar, Gh.A., Kazemi Tabar, S.K. 2008. Study of morphological traits, yield and yield components of Faba bean varieties in Iranshahr region (Abstract). 10 Iranian Crop Science Congress, Tehran, Tehran University Pardis Aboureihan. Available at Web site http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NABATAT10-NABATAT10_208.html

21. Mitiku, A., and Wolde, M. 2015. Effect of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties on yield attributes at Sinana and Agarfa districts of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 8 (4): 281-286.

22. Nakh Foroush, A.R., Kouchaki, A., and Bagheri, A. 1998. The study of morphological and physiological parameters influencing the yield and yield components of different genotypes of lentil (Lens culiaris Medik), (Abstract). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 44 (4): 703-710. (In Persian).

23. Nakhzari Moghaddam, A. 2013. Effect of detopping and plant density on yield and yield components of Barakat cultivar of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Gonbad Kavoos. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 44 (4): 703-710. (In Persian).

24. Nasrollah Zadeh, S., Ghassemi Golezani, K., and Raey, Y. 2011. Effect of shading on rate and duration of grain filling and yield of Faba bean cultivars. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 21 (3): 47-56.

25. Nathalie, G.M., Nicolas, M.M., Romain, R., Bertrand, N., and Claude, D. 1998. Seed growth in grain legumes. I. Effect of photo assimilates availability on seed growth rate. Journal of Experimental Botany 49(32): 1963-1969.

26. Panbekar, N.A., Dastan, S., Yadi, R., and Shahidifar, A. 2015. Effect of nitrogen splitting and planting row space on yield and yield components in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Barkat cultivar. Journal of Crop Production Research 6 (4): 341-355. (In Persian with English Summary).

27. Parsa, M., and Bagheri, A. 2008. Legumes. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press.

28. Quarrie, S.A., and Jones, H.G. 1979. Genotypic variation in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid concentration in spring wheat subjected to artificial drought stress. Annual Botany 44: 323-332.

29. Radmehr, M. 1997. The effect of heat stress on growth physiology and development of wheat. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. p. 201.

30. Rezaei Chianeh, E., Dabbagh Mohammad Nasab, A., Shakiba, M.R., Ghasemi Golezani, K., and Aharizad, S. 2010. Study of light interception and some of canopy characteristics in pure and intercropping systems of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agroecology 2(3): 437-447. (In Persian).

31. Rezaei Nejad, A.H., and Hassanvand, A. 2013. The Effect of removal leaves with the addition of sucrose on the life of cut flowers and water relations feature of three varieties greenhouse roses (Rosa hybridal L.). The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 36(4): 110-120. (In Persian).

32. Rezaeyan Zadeh, E., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Responses of yield and yield components chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) to supplemental irrigation in different phenology stages. Journal of Water and Soil 25(5): 1080-1095. (In Persian with English Summary).

33. Sadeghipour, A., Ghaffari Khaligh, H., and Monam, R. 2005. The effect plant density on yield and yield components of limited growth and unlimited growth cultivars of Red beans. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11(1): 149-159. (In Persian).

34. Sainte, M. 2011. The magazine of the European Association for Grain Legume Research. Issue No. 56 Model Legume Congress, France, 15-19 May.

35. Salehi, M.R., and Khorshidi Benam, M.B. 2008. The Study response of yield and seed yield components of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to delayed planting in Myaneh region. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 12(43): 105-115. (In Persian).

36. Seong, J.D., Kim, G.S., Kim, H.T., Suh, H.S., Park, Y.J., and Kim, S.M. 1996. Effects of topping on growth and root yield in Bupleurum falcatum L. Korean- Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 4 (2): 153-156.

37. Shanahan, J.F., Smith, D.H., and Welsh, J.R. 1984. An analysis of post-anthesis sink-limited wheat grain under various environments. Agronomy Journal 76: 611-615.

38. Shokouh far, A.R., and Abouftileh Nejad. 2013. Effect of drought stress on some physiological traits and biological yield of different cultivars of Mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) in Dezful. Crop Physiology Journal, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz 5(17): 49-59. (In Persian).

39. Soleyman Zadeh, H., and Habibi, D. 2012. Relationship of phenology and physiological traits with yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in moghan region. Journal of Agricultural and Plant Breeding 8 (4): 55-62. (In Persian).

40. Soltani, A. 2007. Application of SAS in Statistical Analysis. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. p.166.

41. Zeynali, A., Soltani, A., Khadem pir, M., Tourani, M., and Sheykh, F. 2013. The Study reaction grain and green pod yield components of two cultivars of faba bean to distance of between the rows in timely and delayed planting crop management. Journal of Agriculture 15(4): 195-210. (In Persian).