ژئوشیمی، کانه‌ زایی و دگرسانی قلیایی- اکسیدآهن در کانسار آهن± آپاتیت لکه سیاه (شمال‌ شرق بافق)، ایالت فلززایی بافق- ساغند

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 19، اسفند 1397، صفحه 587-616   

نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.v10i2.63377

نویسندگان

مهین رستمی؛ ابراهیم طالع فاضل^*

بوعلی سینا

چکیده

کانسار آهن±آپاتیت لکه‌سیاه در ایالت فلززایی بافق- ساغند و پهنه ساختاری ایران مرکزی قرار دارد. کانسار لکه‌سیاه طی اواخر کامبرین پیشین در ارتباط با فعالیت‌های مجموعه کالدرایی لکه‌سیاه شکل‌گرفته است که مجموعه سنگ‌های پیروکلاستیک، آندزیت/ تراکی‌آندزیت و ریولیت سنگ میزبان ذخیره را تشکیل می‌دهند. بر اساس نسبت Th/Yb (بین 7/2 تا 17) و Ta/Yb (بین 33/0 تا 8/1)، ریولیت‌های میزبان کانی‌سازی جزو دسته‌های ماگمایی کالک‌آلکالن غنی از پتاسیم‌ تا شوشونیتی قرار می‌گیرند. طبق شواهد به‌نظر می‌رسد تبلور ماگمای ریولیتی پر آب موجب آزاد‌شدن حجم زیادی از عناصر فرار شده که به افزایش گران‌روی ماگمای باقی­ مانده منجر می­‌شود. در این شرایط، سیال احیایی با شوری و دمای بالا که حاوی لیگاندهای کلریدی حامل آهن و فسفر بوده، به سمت بالا و مناطق کم‌ فشار حرکت می­ کند. فوران­‌های انفجاری تشکیل­‌دهنده کالدرا، شکستگی و سیستم گسلی مناسبی برای ته‌نشست ماده معدنی و رخداد کانه­‌زایی فراهم‌کرده است. شواهدی مثل: 1- وجود هاله‌های دگرسانی قلیایی غنی از کلر (مانند سدیک و سدیک- کلسیک و پتاسیک- کلسیک) در اطراف کانسنگ آهن، 2- وجود سنگ‌های ماگمایی پتاسیم بالا مرتبط با یک سیستم کالدرایی فعال و 3- تهی‌شدگی عناصری نظیر Ti، V، Al و Mn در ترکیب شیمیایی مگنتیت­‌ها، گویای وجود منبع گوشته‌ای دگرنهادی در منطقه لکه‌سیاه بوده که اغلب طی تکوین و جای‌گیری با سنگ‌های پوسته‌ای اطراف نیز دچار آغشتگی شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دگرسانی قلیایی- اکسیدآهن؛ پتاسیم‌ بالا تا شوشونیتی؛ مجموعه کالدرایی لکه‌سیاه؛ بافق؛ ایران مرکزی

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