بررسی تأثیر منابع مختلف کودی بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20، تیر 1393، صفحه 266-274   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v6i2.39510

نویسندگان

محبوبه آشناور^{* 1}؛ محمدعلی بهمنیار²؛ وحید اکبرپور³

¹دانشگاه آزاد کرج

²گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

³گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

به منظور بررسی واکنش گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.) به کاربرد کود شیمیایی و مصرف توأم آن با کمپوست زباله شهری (کمپوست)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت گلدانی با شش تیمار شامل: شاهد (بدون مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و کمپوست)، کود شیمیایی (150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن، 120 کیلوگرم انیدرید فسفریک و 250 کیلوگرم اکسید پتاسیم در هکتار به ترتیب از منبع اوره، سوپر فسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، سی تن کمپوست در هکتار، پانزده تن کمپوست در هکتار + 4 1 کود شیمیایی تیمار 2، پانزده تن کمپوست در هکتار + 4 2 کود شیمیایی تیمار 2، پانزده تن کمپوست در هکتار + 4 3 کود شیمیایی تیمار 2 در هکتار با سه تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1391 اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص های رشد و عملکردی نظیر تعداد گل در بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعی، تعداد گلبرگ، قطر گل اصلی، قطر نهنج، قطر ساقه اصلی، وزن تر و خشک گل و غلظت کلروفیل a و b در مرحله گلدهی کامل تحت تأثیر کاربرد کود شیمیایی و کمپوست قرار گرفت. تیمار تلفیق 15 تن کمپوست و 4 1 تیمار کود شیمیایی موجب افزایش 30 درصدی قطر نهنج و قطر ساقه اصلی، افزایش 50 درصدی تعداد گلبرگ گردید. همچنین کاربرد 15 تن کمپوست به همراه 4 1 کود شیمیایی، غلظت کلروفیل a و کلروفیل b، تعداد گل در بوته و وزن تر و خشک گل را در حدود 80 درصد افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کلروفیل a و b؛ کمپوست زباله شهری؛ کود شیمیایی؛ وزن تر و خشک

مراجع

Abdel-Sabour, M.F., and Abo El-Seoud, M.A. 1996. Effect of organic waste compost addition on sesame growth, yield and chemical composition. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 60: 157-164.

Ahmadian, A., Omrani, H., Kamkar, J., and Dastouri, M. 2010. Effect of different amounts of organic and physiological properties of basil. First National Conference on Medicinal Plant and Potential Economic and Employment it, Birjand, Iran, 1-2 June 2010, p. 166. (In Persian)

Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36: 1737-1746.

Arazmjo, A., Heidari, M., and Ghanbari, A. 2009. The effect of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). 2009. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 25: 482-494. (In Persian with English Summary)

Arnon, A.N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal23:112-121.

Asgharipour, M., and Ahmadian, A. 2008. Utilization of compost for organic production of isabgol and cumin. In: Proceeding of the Third National Congress of Recycling and Reuse of Renewable Organic Resources in Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran, 14-16 May, p. 162-168. (In Persian)

Balkom, K.S., Adams, J.F., Hartzog, D.L., and Woodm, C.W. 2001. Mineralization of composted municipal sludge under field conditions. Communications in Soil Sciences and Plant Analysis 32: 1589-1605.

Bauer, A., and Black, A.L. 1994. Quantification of the effect of soil organic matter content on soil productivity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58: 185-193.

Bauer, P., and Wagner, H. 1991. Echinacea species as potential immune stimulatory drugs. Economic and Medicinal Plants Research 5: 253-321.

Civeira, G. 2010. Influence of municipal solid waste compost on soil properties and plant reestablishment in peri-urban environments. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 70(3): 446-453.

Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., and Rejali, F. 2008. Effect of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on flowering, biological yield and root colonization in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 10(1): 88-109. (In Persian with English Summary)

Davazdah Emami, S., and Majnoun Hosseini, N. 2008. Cultivation and Production of Certain Herbs and Spices. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran 300 pp. (In Persian)

El-Gendg, S.A., Hosni, A.M., Omer, E.A., and Reham, M.S. 2001. Variation in herbage yield and oil composition on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) grown organically in a newly reclaimed land in Egypt. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Science 9: 915-933.

Eslami Khalili, F., Pirdashti, H., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Shirdel Shahmiri, F. 2011. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers separately and combined on growth properties of Calendula officinalis L. First National Conference on Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Agriculture, Khouzestan, Iran, 16 June 2011, p. 1037-1041. (In Persian)

Fariabi, A., and Ghazanchaei, R. 2008. Study on the effect of different rates of chemical fertilizer, compost and mixture of them on quantitative and qualitative Aloe vera yield. In: Proceeding of the third National Congress of Recycling and Reuse of Renewable Organic Resources in Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran, 14-16 May, p. 845-849. (In Persian)

Ghosh, B.C., and Bhat, R. 1998. Environmental hazards of nitrogen loading in wetland rice fields. Environmental Pollution 102: 123-126.

Jeliazkova, V.D. 1999. NPK fertilizer and yield of peppermint (Mentha peperitia). Acta Horticulture 505: 231-236.

Kandeel, A.M., Neglaa, S.A.T., and Sadek, A.A. 2002. Effect of biofertilizers on the growth, volatile oil yield and chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum L. plant. Annals Agriculture Science 47(1): 351-371.

Kashani, A. 2010. A long-term study on different amounts of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on morphological and physiological traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). MSc Thesis, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Keshavarz, P., and Delavari, M. 2009. Short term effects of compost and farmyard manure in two soil type on yield and NPK in corn. In: Proceeding of 11th Iranian Conference of Soil Science, Gorgan, Iran, 12 July 2009, p. 1470-1471. (In Persian)

Khandan, A. 2004. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the chemical-physical properties of soil and Fleawort. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Malekoti, M.J., and Homaei, M. 2004. Arid and Regions Difficulties and Solutions. Tarbiat Modarres University Press, Tehran, Iran 518 pp. (In Persian)

Mohammadian, M., and Malakouti, M.J. 2002. Effect of two types of composts on soil physical and chemical properties and corn yield. Journal of Soil and Water Science 16(2): 143-150. (In Persian with English Summary)

Omidbaigi, R. 2010. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astane Ghodse Razavi Press, Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 423 pp. (In Persian)

Rafiei, M. 2010. Use compost to ecological production of fleawort (Plantago ovata Forsk.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). National Conference of Medicinal Plant and Potential Economic and Employment it, Birjand, Iran, 1-2 June, 149 pp. (In Persian)

Saeednejad, A.H., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2010. Evaluate the effect of compost, vermicompost and cattle manures on yield, yield components and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Horticultural Science 24: 142-148. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sedghi Moghadam, M., and Mirzaee, M. 2008. Effect of municipal solid wastes compost on the yield and some quantitative and qualitative indices of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Expoir.). In: Proceeding of 3rd National Congress of Recycling and Reuse of Renewable Organic Resources in Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran, 14-16 May 2008, p. 484-492. (In Persian)

Shehata, S.A., Gharib, A.A., Mohamed El-Mogy, A., Abdel Gawad, K.F., and Shalaby, E.A. 2011. Influence of compost, amino and humic acids on the growth, yield and chemical parameters of strawberries. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(11): 2304-2308.

Singh, A.K., Bisen, S.S., Singh, R.B., and Biswas, S.C. 1998. Effectiveness of compost towards increasing productivity of some medicinal plants in skeletal soil. Advances in Forestry Research in India 18: 64-83.

Sumner, M.E. 2000. Beneficial use of effluents, wastes and biosolids. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 31: 1701-1715.

Tahami Zarandi, S.M.K., Rezvani Moghadam, P., and Jahan, M. 2010. Comparison the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agroecology 2:70-82. (In Persian with English Summary)

Turies, L., Pansu, M., Feiler, C., Herrman, J.C., and Remy, J.C. 2001. Kinetics of added organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean sandy soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 997-1010.

Yadav, R.D., Keshwa, G.L., and Yadav, S.S. 2002. Effect of integrated use of FYM, urea and sulphure on growth and yield of isabgol (Plantago ovata). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science 25: 668-671.

Yazdani Biyoki, R., Rezvani Moghadam, P., Khazaei, H.R., and Astaraei, A.R. 2010. Study on some of qualitative and quantitative properties of Silybum marianum in response to organic, biological and chemical fertilizers. 2010. Journal of Agroecology 2: 548-555. (In Persian with English Summary)