ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در کشت مخلوط با بادام زمینی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20، تیر 1393، صفحه 311-323   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v6i2.39371

نویسندگان

مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ عباس کشته گر

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم کاشت، فاصله ردیف و وجین علف های هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت در کشت مخلوط با بادام زمینی، آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی-پژوهشی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال 91-1390 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار سیستم کاشت مخلوط به عنوان عامل اول شامل (خالص ذرت، خالص بادام زمینی، 50 درصد ذرت+ 50 درصد بادام زمینی، 100 درصد ذرت+ 100 درصد بادام زمینی)، فاصله ردیف به عنوان عامل دوم با دو سطح 40 و 50 سانتی-متر و وجین علف های هرز به عنوان عامل سوم در سه سطح شامل (عدم وجین، یک بار وجین و دوبار وجین) مد نظر قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم های مختلف کشت بر ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد دانه در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد بلال در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد اقتصادی و شاخص برداشت ذرت تاثیر معنی داری )01/0 (p≤داشتند. همچنین اثر وجین علف های هرز بر همه صفات به جز عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد اقتصادی و شاخص برداشت معنی دار بود. اثر فاصله ردیف بر قطر ساقه، تعداد بلال در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد اقتصادی معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد اقتصادی ذرت در کشت خالص ذرت، دوبار وجین و فاصله ردیف 40 سانتی متر به دست آمد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که بالاترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین در سیستم کاشت 100 درصد ذرت + 100 درصد بادام زمینی به دست آمد که نشان از برتری کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص ذرت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد بلال؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد اقتصادی؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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