ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی مصرف کود دامی و تلقیح با میکوریزا بر ویژگی های رشدی، عملکرد کمّی و اسانس زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 15، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 20، تیر 1393، صفحه 353-363   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v6i2.39374

نویسندگان

جواد شباهنگ¹؛ سرور خرم دل^{* 1}؛ آسیه سیاهمرگویی²؛ رحمت اله قشم¹؛ لیلا جعفری³

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

³گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، هرمزگان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر سطوح کود دامی و تلقیح با قارچ همزیست میکوریزا بر رشد، عملکرد کمّی و کیفی زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L.)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 89-1388 و 90-1389 انجام شد. تلقیح با میکوریزا در دو سطح (با و بدون تلقیح) و پنج سطح کود دامی از نوع کود گاوی پوسیده (صفر، 10، 20، 30 و 40 تن در هکتار) به عنوان تیمار در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، قطر تاج پوشش اندام های هوایی، نسبت برگ به ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، محتوی اسانس و عملکرد اسانس زوفا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل کود دامی و میکوریزا بر ارتفاع و قطر بوته، نسبت برگ به ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و محتوی و عملکرد اسانس زوفا معنی دار (01/0p≤) بود. با افزایش مقدار کود دامی از صفر تا 30 تن در هکتار، وزن خشک اندام های هوایی و عملکرد اسانس به ترتیب 127 و 43 درصد بهبود یافت؛ در حالیکه افزایش کود دامی تا 40 تن در هکتار، مقدار این صفات را به ترتیب 112 و 29 درصد بهبود بخشید. تلقیح میکوریزایی بهبود وزن خشک اندام های هوایی و عملکرد اسانس زوفا را به ترتیب برابر با 19 و 14 درصد به دنبال داشت. همچنین، رشد و عملکرد این گیاه در سال دوم به دلیل استقرار مناسب و همچنین دسترسی بیشتر به عناصر و مواد غذایی نسبت به سال اول بالاتر بود. افزایش مصرف کود دامی با افزایش فراهمی عناصر غذایی و بهبود خصوصیات خاک، رشد و عملکرد را افزایش داد. تلقیح با میکوریزا نیز از طریق بهبود توسعه سیستم ریشه ای و دسترسی به عناصر غذایی به ویژه فسفر موجب افزایش رشد و عملکرد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حاصلخیزی خاک؛ سیستم ریشه ای؛ فسفر؛ کود آلی؛ مدیریت اکولوژیکی

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