ارزیابی اثرات کاربرد کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر شاخص های رویشی و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز (L. Coriandrum sativum)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 6، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 21، مهر 1393، صفحه 425-443   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v6i3.43405

نویسندگان

مهسا اقحوانی شجری؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^* ؛ رضا قربانی؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثرات کاربرد منفرد و تلفیقی کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی شاخص های رویشی گیاه دارویی گشنیز (L. Coriandrum sativum)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت کرت های خرد شده در زمان در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 12 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: 1- کود زیستی میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، 2- کود زیستی بیوسولفور (Thiobacillus sp.) به همراه گوگرد آلی بنتونیت دار، 3- کود شیمیایی (NPK)، 4- کود گاوی، 5- ورمی‌کمپوست، 6- میکوریزا + کود شیمیایی، 7- میکوریزا + کود گاوی، 8- میکوریزا + ورمی‌کمپوست، 9- بیوسولفور + کود شیمیایی، 10- بیوسولفور + کود گاوی، 11- بیوسولفور + ورمی‌کمپوست و 12- شاهد. پیکر رویشی گیاه در مرحلة پنج درصد گلدهی و در دو چین (29 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) برداشت شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (28 سانتی متر) و تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته (2/5) در تیمار کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی بیوسولفور با کود گاوی و بیشترین مقدار عملکرد تر و خشک برگ، عملکرد تر و خشک کل و عملکرد خشک ساقه در تیمار مصرف منفرد کود شیمیایی بدست آمد. کاربرد منفرد کود زیستی بیوسولفور باعث افزایش نسبت برگ به ساقه (6) گردید. حداکثر مقادیر درصد و عملکرد اسانس با مصرف منفرد کود گاوی (به ترتیب با 2/0 درصد و 1753 گرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد تر برگ و نسبت برگ به ساقه در چین اول و بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته، عملکرد تر و خشک ساقه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس در چین دوم حاصل شد. به طور کلی نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که مصرف کود شیمیایی باعث افزایش عملکرد اندام رویشی گیاه و کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی باعث بهبود درصد و عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی گشنیز شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوسولفور؛ چین؛ عملکرد؛ میکوریزا؛ نسبت برگ به ساقه

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