اثر مالکیت خصوصی بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور (رهیافت پانل دیتا پویا)

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1396، صفحه 36-49   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead2.v31i1.58567

نویسندگان

حمید مطرودی؛ محمد آقاپور صباغی^*

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر

چکیده

در ادبیات اقتصادی خصوصی‌سازی و گذار به اقتصاد مبتنی بر بازار یکی از راه‌های افزایش کارایی است. لذا در این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر مالکیت خصوصی بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور پرداخته‌شده است. در مطالعه حاضر 19 زیربخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی در سال مای 1392-1387 به‌عنوان جامعه آماری مدنظر قرارگرفته‌اند. در این تحقیق برای محاسبه کارایی از روش تحلیل فراگیر داده‌ها و برای برآورد الگوی اقتصادسنجی از رهیافت پانل دیتا پویا استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که افزایش مالکیت خصوصی در این زیربخش و حرکت در جهت خصوصی‌سازی می‌تواند عاملی در جهت افزایش کارایی این زیر بخش تلقی گردد. میانگین کارایی برای بخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور در حدود 70 درصد حاصل‌شده است که نشان می‌دهد این بخش امکان افزایش کارایی و دستیابی به ستانده مطلوب را به میزان 30 درصد دارا می‌باشد. نتایج حاکی از اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار سرمایه انسانی، صادرات، نوآوری و سیکل‌های تجاری بر کارایی واحدهای موردبررسی است. در مقابل متغیرهای اندازه، شاخص تمرکز و شدت مصرف انرژی اثر منفی و معنی‌داری بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور داشته‌اند. با توجه به اثر مثبت خصوصی‌سازی بر کارایی، پیشنهاد می‌گردد این سیاست که درواقع یک سیاست رقابتی است به‌منظور افزایش کارایی در زیربخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور با شتاب بیشتری موردنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل فراگیر داده‌ها؛ خصوصی‌سازی؛ بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس؛ داده مای پانل

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