اثر مالکیت خصوصی بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور (رهیافت پانل دیتا پویا)

مجله اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1396، صفحه 36-49   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead2.v31i1.58567

نویسندگان

حمید مطرودی؛ محمد آقاپور صباغی^*

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر

چکیده

در ادبیات اقتصادی خصوصی‌سازی و گذار به اقتصاد مبتنی بر بازار یکی از راه‌های افزایش کارایی است. لذا در این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر مالکیت خصوصی بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور پرداخته‌شده است. در مطالعه حاضر 19 زیربخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی در سال مای 1392-1387 به‌عنوان جامعه آماری مدنظر قرارگرفته‌اند. در این تحقیق برای محاسبه کارایی از روش تحلیل فراگیر داده‌ها و برای برآورد الگوی اقتصادسنجی از رهیافت پانل دیتا پویا استفاده‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که افزایش مالکیت خصوصی در این زیربخش و حرکت در جهت خصوصی‌سازی می‌تواند عاملی در جهت افزایش کارایی این زیر بخش تلقی گردد. میانگین کارایی برای بخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور در حدود 70 درصد حاصل‌شده است که نشان می‌دهد این بخش امکان افزایش کارایی و دستیابی به ستانده مطلوب را به میزان 30 درصد دارا می‌باشد. نتایج حاکی از اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار سرمایه انسانی، صادرات، نوآوری و سیکل‌های تجاری بر کارایی واحدهای موردبررسی است. در مقابل متغیرهای اندازه، شاخص تمرکز و شدت مصرف انرژی اثر منفی و معنی‌داری بر کارایی واحدهای صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور داشته‌اند. با توجه به اثر مثبت خصوصی‌سازی بر کارایی، پیشنهاد می‌گردد این سیاست که درواقع یک سیاست رقابتی است به‌منظور افزایش کارایی در زیربخش صنایع غذایی و آشامیدنی کشور با شتاب بیشتری موردنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل فراگیر داده‌ها؛ خصوصی‌سازی؛ بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس؛ داده مای پانل

مراجع

1. Alipor M., Hejhbarkyani A. and Sheydaei Z. 2012. Assessment and analysis malemquist index for main metal industry, Journal of quantity economy,6(20):127-146.(In Persian)

2. Alizadehkhosroabadi A.2009. Assessment and analysis of meat aviculture productivity in Boyerahmad city, Theses for MSC degree in agricultural engering, Khozestan Knowledge of Research University. 23-45. (In Persian)

3. Amini R. 2004. The insurance and risk management role on agricultural economic, Quarterly insurance and development, 5(32):19-21.

4. Amini A., Neshat M. 2011. Estimation time series of capital stock in Iran, Journal of programming and budget, 90(1):53-83.(In Persian)

5. Arrelano M., Bond S. 1991. Some Tests of Specification in Panel data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, Review of Economics and Statistics, 58(1): 277-297.

6. Asgarpour H., Falahi F. and Dehgani A. 2012. Innovation effect on market unsustainability share in Iran's` food and beverage industry, Journal of agricultural economic and development, 26(3):204-217. (In Persian)

7. Asgarpour H., Jahanghire KH. and Abdi H. 2014. Export effect on chemical and main metal sector efficiency, Journal of research and economic policy, 22(72): 23-48. (In Persian)

8. Baltagi B. 2005. Econometrics Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wily and sons Ltd, USA.

9. Chu S. N. and Kalirajan K. 2010. Impact of Trade Liberalization on Technical Efficiency of Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms, Paper for Presentation at the Conference on Frontier Issues in Technology, Development and Environment organized by the Madras School of Economics and the Forum for Global Knowledge Sharing at the Madras School of Economics.12-44.

10. Claessens S., Djankov S., Fan J. and Lang L. 2002. Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings, Journal of Finance, 57(6): 2741- 2771.

11. Clerides S.K., Lach S., Tybout J.R.1998. Is Learning by Exporting Important Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico and Morocco, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3): 903-948.

12. Davis CH. 2001. Privatization: common themes, similar outcomes.17-32.

13. Dehgani A., Ashrafie B., Nabishahjitash M. and Ameri M. 2013. The effect of degree of open economy on employment and real wage in Iran`s food and beverage industry, Journal of agricultural economic and development, 27(24):351-360. (In Persian)

14. Ejington A. and Oustapssidis K. 1998.Advertising, Concentration and Profitability in Greek Food Manufacturing Industries, Agricultural Economics, (18): 191-198.

15. Emamimybodi A., Krimyan Z. and Rahmani M. 2011.Mesuement efficiency and productivity of petrochemical complexes, journal of economic of energy, 8(29): 61-81. (In Persian)

16. Esfahani M. and Khazae J. 2010. Factor affecting aviculture efficiency in south Khorasan, Journal of economic of agricultural research, 2(4):165-180. (In Persian)

17. Fazelyazdi A. and Moinodin M. 2015. Assessment of efficiency and ranking of Iran`s insurance industry whit use of dynamic windows data analysis, Journal of productivity management, 9(35):131-149. (In Persian)

18. Feeny S. 2000. Determinants of profitability: An Empirial Investigation Using Australian Tax Entities, Australia: Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 1:12-31.

19. Funakoshi M. and Motohashi K. 2009. A Quantitative Analysis of Market Competition and Productivity, The Japanese Economy, 36(1):17-31.

20. Gibbon, H. 2001. Guide boar directing government owned enterprises. 66-91.

21. Godarzvand Chegini M. and Mirzadzareh M. 2011. The effect of privatization on efficiency (The transmission company of Gilan province), Commercial survey, 40(1): 86-98.

22. Graner M. 2002. Export-Led Efficiency or Efficiency-led Exports: Evidence from the Chilean Manufacturing Sector, Essay II in Essays on Trade and Productivity: Case Studies of Manufacturing in Chile and Kenya, PhD thesis, Goteborg University.45-65.

23. Hanke H. 1987. Privatization and development an introduction, San Fransisco: institute for contemporary studies.

24. Hsiao Ch. 2003. Analysis of panel data. Cambridge University Quarterly, 12(1), pp. 53–72.

25. Hu A. G. and Lin Z. 2014. Trade Liberalization and Firm Productivity, Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries, Review of International Economics,9(2):24-34.

26. Ikhsan M. 2007. Total factor productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing: A stochastic frontier approach, Global Economic Review, 36: 321–342.

27. Kay J.A. and Thampson D.J. 1996. Privatization: A policy in search of a rational, The economic journal, (69): 18-32.

28. Khodadakashi F., Zaranejad M. and Yosefi R. 2005.The mutual effects between centralization profit, development and advertising, Economical research, 15(3):175-194. (In Persian)

29. Khodadakashi F. and Hajyan M. 2012. Assesment of cost efficiency in Iran`s banking industry, Journal of programming and budget. 18(24)1-24. (In Persian)

30. Khodadakashi F., Khyabani N. and JaniS. 2012. Analysis and survey of market structure effect on Iran`s industry efficiency, Journal of research and economical policy,20(63):5-32. (In Persian)

31. Loecker J. 2011. Product Eventuation, Multiproduct Firms and Estimating the Impact of Trade Liberalization on Productivity, Econometrica, 79(5): 407-1451.

32. Martin A. and Jaumandreu J. 2004. Entry, Exit and Productivity Growth: Spanish Manufacturing During, The Eighties, Span, Econ. Rev, 6(1): 211-226.

33. Mclean D., Gustafson T. and Thomas F. 2002. Privatization and its effect on public golf employees, Lndiana University, 2: 43-61.

34. Melitz M. J. 2003.The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity, journal of Econometrical, 71(6): 1695-1725.

35. Memarnejad A. and Babazadeh M. 2013. The effect of privatization on Iran's GDP and selected country, Journal of research and economic policy, 21(66):187-208.

36. Mitra A., Sharma C. and Veganzonès-Varoudakis M. A. 2014. Trade Liberalization, Technology Transfer, and Firms Productive Performance: The Case of Indian Manufacturing, Journal of Asian Economics, 33(1): 1-15.

37. Mok V., Godfrey Y., Zhaozhou H. and Zongzhang L. 2010. Export Orientation and Technical Efficiency: Clothing Firms in China, Managerial and Decision Economics, 31(7): 453-463.

38. Motavaseli M. 2008. Privatization or market and government optimum combination, Commercial research and studies institute press. 1-32.

39. Nori H. and Niliportabatabaee SH.2004. Prioritize of agricultural conversion industry development with use of Delfi approach in Felaverjan city, Journal of geographical research,61(1):161-178. (In Persian)

40. Rahmani N., Keshavarz A., Tabatabaei S. and Kalhor R. 2012. Assessment of ownership role on productivity change with use of malemquist index and DEA in Gazvin`s hospitals, Journal of paramedical college in Tehran,6(4): 300-310. (In Persian)

41. Resend R.T. 2005. The Relationships between Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins in US Food Manufacturing, 1954 to 977, Agribusiness, 3(2): 241-252.

42. Rowthorn B. and Chang A. 1993. Public ownership and the theory of the state, in The Political Economy of Privatization Clarke, Managerial and Decision Economics, 23(1): 99-123.

43. Sadraeejavaheri A. and Behzadi Z. 2012. Survey of relationship between size and growth in food and beverage units, Journal of economic research, 47(4):61-78. (In Persian)

44. Sami M. and Abderrazak Z. 2011. Banking Industry, Market Structure and Efficiency Revisited Model to Intermediary Hypotheses, International Journal of economic research, 2(1): 23-36.

45. Sekkat K. 2009. Does Competition Improve Productivity in Developing Countries? Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 12(2): 145-162.

46. Setiawan M., Emvalomatis G. and Lansink A.O. 2012. Industrial concentration and price-cost margin of the Indonesian food and beverages sector, Applied Economics, 44: 3805–3814.

47. Shahikishtash M. and Shivai A. 2012. Measurement of production factor productivity growth and scale effect based on dissoluble frontier function, Journal of economical policy, 4(7):127-144. (In Persian)

48. Soheili K., Fatahi SH., Zabihi S. and Haduzadegan M. 2014. Survey of relationship between efficiency and industry centralization in Iran`s food and beverage sector, Journal og quantity economy,8(3):37-51. (In Persian)

49. Sokhanvar M., Sadegi A., Yavari K. and Mehregan N. 2012. Determin efficiency of Iran`s electric distribution company and facto affecting that, Journal of economical research, 47(2):21-39. (In Persian)

50. Sori A. and Mehregan N. 2007.The role of social capital in human capital, Journal of commercial bulletin, 42(1): 209-214. (In Persian)

51. Tari F. and Hanifezadeh L. 2013. The role of privatizations and ownership change on insurance company efficiency, Journal of council and strategy, 20(2):5-24. (In Persian)

52. Tayebi K., Emadzadeh M. and Shykhbahaee A. 2008. The effect of industrial export and human capital on production factor productivity and economic growth in OPIC country, Journal of quantity economy, 5(6):85-106. (In Persian)

53. Torkamani J. and Zogipor M. 2005. Factors affecting dairy supply in Iran, Journal of agricultural economics, 2(1):23-33. (In Persian)

54. Vickers J. and Yarrow G. 1998. Privatization: An Economic Analysis (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

55. Walujadi D. 2004. Age, Export Orientation and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from Garment Firms in DKI Jakarta, Makara, Sosial Humaniora, 8(3): 97-104.

56. Willner J. 2003. Privatization: a skeptical analysis, International Handbook on Privatization, Cheltenham: Edward.

57. Zaranejad M., Khodadakashi F. and yousefihajeabad R. 2012. Assessment of Iran`s factory efficiency. Journal of quantity economy, 9(2):31-48. (In Persian)