واکنش رشد رویشی و زایشی گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) به کاربرد هیومیک‌اسید در آب آبیاری تحت تأثیر تراکم‌های مختلف کاشت

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 104-118   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.69397

نویسندگان

فرناز احمدی نورالدین وند^* ؛ محمدرضا مرادی تلاوت؛ سید عطاءاله سیادت؛ علی مشتطی

کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین اهواز

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی رشد رویشی و زایشی گوار یا لوبیای خوشه­ای در واکنش به کاربرد هیومیک­اسید در تراکم­های مختلف کاشت، آزمایشی به­صورت کرت­های خُردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی خوزستان در تابستان1395 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح هیومیک­اسید (شامل صفر، پنج، 10 و 15‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های اصلی و چهار تراکم مختلف (شامل 35، 55، 75 و 95‌بوته در مترمربع) در کرت‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات اصلی هیومیک­اسید و تراکم کاشت بر صفات ارتفاع‌بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد برگ در مترمربع، تعداد غلاف و دانه در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و ماده خشک (عملکرد بیولوژیک) معنی‌دار بود، به‏طوری‏که با افزایش هیومیک­اسید، صفات نامبرده افزایش یافتند. همچنین، با افزایش تراکم، اکثر صفات به‌جُز تعداد شاخه­های فرعی افزایش یافت. اثر متقابل فاکتورها بر صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، ارتفاع‌ بوته و تعداد غلاف در مترمربع در سطح یک‌درصد معنی­دار بود. به‏طور‏کلی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (7/4209‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و ماده خشک (6/17955‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) از مصرف 15‌کیلوگرم در هکتار هیومیک­اسید و تراکم 95‌بوته در مترمربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه (2/1433‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (6/4812‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) از عدم مصرف هیومیک­اسید و تراکم 35‌بوته در مترمربع به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع بوته؛ ریخت شناسی؛ عملکرد؛ کود آلی؛ ماده خشک

مراجع

1. Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A., and Idowu, O.J. 2004. Application of organic and inganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 1163-1181.

2. Akhtar, L.H., Bukhari, S., Salah-ud-Din, S., and Minhas, R. 2012. Response of new guar strains to various row spacing. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science 49(4): 469-471.

3. Al-Ramamneh, E. 2009. Plant growth strategies of Thymus vulgaris L. in response to population density. Industrial Crops and Products 30(3): 389-394.

4. Amiri, M. 2015. Effect of Humic Acid Potassium and Seaweed Extract (kclp) on Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L. var. sacchrata). MSc. Thesis. Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan.

5. Armin, M., and Moslehi, J. 2012. Yield and yield components response of chickpea to time and different levels of humic acid foliar application. Agronomy Journal 8(4): 1-9. (In Persian).

6. Ayas, H., and Gulser, F. 2005. The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrient contents of spinach. Journal of Biological Sciences 5(6): 801-804.

7. Dandge, M.S., Peshattiwar, P.P., Ingle., Y.V., and Mohod, P.V. 216. Effect of different application method of humic acid on nodulation and seed yield of soybean. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences 12(2): 339-343.

8. Eilkaee, M.N., and Emam, Y. 2003. Effect of plant density on yield and yield components in two winter oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 34(3): 509-515. (In Persian).

9. Farjami, A.A., and Nabavi Kalat, S.M. 2014. Effect of humic acid and phosphorus on the quantity and quality of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) yield. Scientific Journal of Ecophysiology of Crop Plants 4(28): 443-452. (In Persian).

10. Ghorbani, S., Khazaei, H.R., Kafi, M., and Bannayan-Aval, M. 2010. The effect of humic acid in irrigation water application on yield and yield components maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agroecology 2(1): 111-118. (In Persian).

11. Ghulam Nabi, A. 2013. Cluster Bean (Guar) in Pakistan. Agronomy Center Pivot Irrigation System Valley Irrigation Pakistan (private) Limited.

12. Giasuddin, A.B.M., Kanel, S., and Choi, H. 2007. Adsorption of humic acid onto nanoscale zerovalent iron and its effect on arsenic removal. Environment Science Technology 41(6): 2022-2027.

13. Gresta, F., Sortino, O., Santonoceto, C., Issi, L., Santonoceto, C., and Santonoceto, Y.M. 2013. Effects of sowing times on seed yield, protein and galactomannans content of four varieties of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in a Mediterranean environment. Industrial Crops and Products 41: 46-52.

14. Jagtap, D.N., Waghule, L.D., and Bhale, V.M. 2011. Effect of sowing time, row spacing and seed rate on production potential of cluster bean. Advnace Research Journal of Crop Improvement 2(1): 27-30.

15. Jahan, M., Sohrabi, R., Doayee, F., and Amiri, M.B. 2014. Effect of super absorbent water application in soil and humic acid foliar application on some agroecological characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Mashhad (Iran). Journal Agriculture 3(2): 71-90. (In Persian with English Summary).

16. Jamali, S.Z., Astaraei, A., and Emami, H. 2015. Effects of humic acid, compost and phosphorus on growth characteristics of basil herb and concentration of micro elements in plant and soil. Ejgcst 6(2): 187-205. (In Persian).

17. Khajuee Nejhad, G., Rezai, A., and Mousavi, S.F. 1994. Effect of different irrigation regimes and plantdensity on yield and other characteristics of white bean (line no. 11805). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 25(3): 1-15. (In Persian).

18. Khan, R.U., Ahad, A., Rashid, A., and Khan, A. 2001. Chickpea production as influenced by row spacing under rain fed conditions of Dera Ismail Khan. Journal of Biological Science 1(3): 103-104.

19. Lio, W., Tollenaar, M., Stewart, G., and Deen, w. 2004. Response of corn grain yield to spatial and temporal variability in emergence. Crop Science 44(3): 847-854.

20. Lopez Bellido, F.J., Lopez Belido, L., and Lopez Belido, R.J. 2005. Competition, growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Europe Journal Agronomy 23: 359-378.

21. Majnoon Hosseini, N., Mohammadi, H., Poustini, K., and Zeinaly Khanghah, H. 2003. Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics, chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 34(4): 1011-1019. (In Persian with English Summary).

22. Majnoun Hosseini, N., Malek Maleki, F., and Alizade, H. 2011. Effect of plant density on seed yield and yield components of two lentil cultivars (Lens culinaris Medik.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 42(1): 33-40. (In Persian).

23. Moradi Telavat, M.R., and Siadat, S.A. 2012. Introduction and Production of Oil Seed Crops. Publishers Training and Agricultural Promotion. (In Persian).

24. Moshatati, A., Moussawi, S.H., Siadat, S.A., and Fathi. G.h. 2010. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of cow pea (Vigna sinensis L.) in Ahwaz. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 3(3): 229-238. (In Persian with English Summary).

25. Nandini, K.M., Sridhara, S., Patil, S., and Kumar, K. 2017. Effect of planting density and different genotypes on growth, yield and quality of Guar. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5(1): 320-328.

26. Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A., and Vianello, A. 2002. Physiological effects of humic Substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34: 1527-1536.

27. Ouda, B.A., and Mahadeen, A.Y. 2008. Effect of fertilizers on growth, yield, yield components, quality and certain nutrient contents in broccoli (Brassica oleracea). International Journal Agriculture 10: 627-632.

28. Pitia Lokose, R.Y. 2011. Effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield and yield components of three lines of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). B.SC (Agriculture). Upper Nile University. p. 2.

29. Rahi, A.R., Davoudi Fard, M., Azizi, F., and Habibi, D. 2012. Effects of different amounts of humic acid and response curves in the Dactylis glomerata. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(3): 15-28. (In Persian).

30. Regan, K.L., Siddique, K.H., and Martin, L.D. 2003. Response of Kabuli chickpea to sowing rate in Mediterranean type environments of south-western Australian. Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43: 87-97.

31. Samavat, S., and Malakouti, M.J. 2005. The need to use organic acids (humic and fulvic) to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Technical Publication No. 463. Senate Publications. Tehran. Iran. (In Persian).

32. Saxena, N.P. 1984. Chickpea. pp. 419-452. In: P.R. Goldsworthy and N.M. Fisher (Eds). Physiology of Tropical Field Crop. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

33. Shahsavan Markadeh, M., and Chamani, E. 2014. Effects of various concentrations and time of humic acid application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cut stock flower (Matthiola incana ‘Hanza’). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultures 5(3): 157-171. (In Persian).

34. Sharif, M. 2002. Effect of Lignitic Coal Derived Humic Acid on Growth Yield of Wheat and Maize in Alkaline Soil. NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar.

35. Shojaee Ghadicollaei, M., Daneshian, J., Mobaser, H.R., and Nasiri, M. 2011. Affects different levels of nitrogen and plant density in canola (Brassica napus L.) yield in paddy field. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 6(4): 37-47. (In Persian).

36. Singh, S. 2014. An Analysis of Guar Crop in India. Gain Report Number: IN4035.

37. Soleymani, S. 2014. Evaluation of echo-physiologic and agronomic aspects of maize (Zea mays L.) and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) intercropping under different levels of manure. MSc. Thesis. University of Zabol. (In Persian with English Summary).

38. Tadayyon, A., and Beheshti, S. 2016. Effect of foliar application of humic acid, Iron and Zinc on some characteristics of Negro (Guizotia abyssinica L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 10(2): 283-396. (In Persian with English Summary).

39. Torabi Jafroudi, A., Hasanzadeh, A., and Fayaz Moghaddam, A. 2007. Effects of plant population on some of morph physiological characteristics of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Pajouhsh and Sazandegi 74: 63-71. (In Persian with English Summary).