تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین بر رشد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تنش شوری

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 163-177   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.69340

نویسندگان

علی آشوری^* ؛ منوچهر قلی پور؛ مصطفی حیدری

دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

پلی‌آمین‌ها، پلی‌کاتیون‌های آلی با وزن مولکولی کمی هستند که در فرآیندهای مختلف فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ازجمله مقاومت در برابر تنش‌ها مؤثر می‌باشند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی پلی‌آمین‌های اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود در شرایط تنش شوری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزارع خارتوران شاهرود با شوری 7/5‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در سال1395 اجرا گردید. محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین در سه سطح (صفر، 25/0 و 50/0‌میلی‌مولار) و اسپرمیدین در سه سطح (صفر، 25/0 و 50/0‌میلی‌مولار) در سه مرحله چهاربرگی، گلدهی و پر‌شدن غلاف‌ها انجام شد. صفات مختلفی از جمله محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص پایداری غشاء، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه در هر بوته، تعداد غلاف در هر بوته، تعداد دانه در هر غلاف و عملکرد دانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین با غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار منجر به افزایش شاخص پایداری غشاء (15‌درصد) و ارتفاع بوته (23‌درصد) در گیاهان تحت تنش شوری نسبت به تیمار بدون محلول‌پاشی شد. همچنین کاربرد غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار اسپرمیدین موجب افزایش شاخص پایداری غشاء (17‌درصد)، ارتفاع بوته (31‌درصد)، تعداد شاخه (52‌درصد)، تعداد غلاف در هر بوته (27‌درصد)، وزن100دانه (16‌درصد) و عملکرد دانه (15‌درصد) در مقایسه با تیمار بدون محلول‌پاشی گردید؛ در‌حالی‌که تیمارهای ترکیبی اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین تنها بر شاخص‌های محتوای نسبی آب برگ و فعالیت آنزیم‌های پلی‌فنول اکسیداز، کاتالاز و گایاکول پراکسیداز تأثیرگذار بود. براساس نتایج، محلول‌پاشی تیمارهای مختلف تأثیر معنی‌داری بر وزن غلاف، وزن دانه و تعداد دانه در غلاف نداشتند. در مجموع محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین در کاهش اثر سوء تنش شوری مؤثرتر از اسپرمین بود. همچنین کاربرد غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار هر دو پلی‌آمین مؤثرتر از غلظت 25/0‌میلی‌مولار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پلی‌آمین؛ محلول‌پاشی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ پایداری غشا؛ پلی‌فنول اکسیداز؛ کاتالاز

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