تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین بر رشد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تنش شوری

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 163-177  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.69340

نویسندگان

علی آشوری ؛ منوچهر قلی پور؛ مصطفی حیدری

دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

پلی‌آمین‌ها، پلی‌کاتیون‌های آلی با وزن مولکولی کمی هستند که در فرآیندهای مختلف فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ازجمله مقاومت در برابر تنش‌ها مؤثر می‌باشند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی پلی‌آمین‌های اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود در شرایط تنش شوری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزارع خارتوران شاهرود با شوری 7/5‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در سال1395 اجرا گردید. محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین در سه سطح (صفر، 25/0 و 50/0‌میلی‌مولار) و اسپرمیدین در سه سطح (صفر، 25/0 و 50/0‌میلی‌مولار) در سه مرحله چهاربرگی، گلدهی و پر‌شدن غلاف‌ها انجام شد. صفات مختلفی از جمله محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص پایداری غشاء، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه در هر بوته، تعداد غلاف در هر بوته، تعداد دانه در هر غلاف و عملکرد دانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی اسپرمین با غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار منجر به افزایش شاخص پایداری غشاء (15‌درصد) و ارتفاع بوته (23‌درصد) در گیاهان تحت تنش شوری نسبت به تیمار بدون محلول‌پاشی شد. همچنین کاربرد غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار اسپرمیدین موجب افزایش شاخص پایداری غشاء (17‌درصد)، ارتفاع بوته (31‌درصد)، تعداد شاخه (52‌درصد)، تعداد غلاف در هر بوته (27‌درصد)، وزن100دانه (16‌درصد) و عملکرد دانه (15‌درصد) در مقایسه با تیمار بدون محلول‌پاشی گردید؛ در‌حالی‌که تیمارهای ترکیبی اسپرمین و اسپرمیدین تنها بر شاخص‌های محتوای نسبی آب برگ و فعالیت آنزیم‌های پلی‌فنول اکسیداز، کاتالاز و گایاکول پراکسیداز تأثیرگذار بود. براساس نتایج، محلول‌پاشی تیمارهای مختلف تأثیر معنی‌داری بر وزن غلاف، وزن دانه و تعداد دانه در غلاف نداشتند. در مجموع محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین در کاهش اثر سوء تنش شوری مؤثرتر از اسپرمین بود. همچنین کاربرد غلظت 50/0‌میلی‌مولار هر دو پلی‌آمین مؤثرتر از غلظت 25/0‌میلی‌مولار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پلی‌آمین؛ محلول‌پاشی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ پایداری غشا؛ پلی‌فنول اکسیداز؛ کاتالاز

مراجع

1. Alcazar, R., Marco, F., Cuevas, J.C., Patron, M., Ferrando, A., Carrasco, P., Tiburcio, A.F., and Altabella, T. 2006. Involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stress. Biotechnology Letters 28(23): 1867-1876.

2. Asha Dhingra, H.R. 2007. Salinity mediated changes in yield and nutritive value of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 12(3): 271-275.

3. Bouchereau, A., Aziz, A., Larher, F., and Martin-Tanguy, J. 1999. Polyamines and environmental challenges: recent development. Plant Science 140(2): 103-125.

4. Chai, Y.Y., Jiang, C.D., Shi, L., Shi, T.S., and Gu, W.B. 2010. Effects of exogenous spermine on sweet sorghum during germination under salinity. Biologia Plantarum 54(1): 145-148.

5. Chance, B., and Maehly, A.C. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxides. Methods Enzymology 11(2): 764-755.

6. Cherati, A., Abbaszadeh, F., Rameeh, V., and Rezaei Sokht Abandani, R. 2012. Effect of salinity stress (NaCl, CaCl2) on yield and yield components of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Water and Soil 26(3): 762-774. (In Persian with English Summary).

7. Chinnusamy, V., Jagendorf, A., and Zhu, J.K.2005. Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Science 45(2): 437-448.

8. Doraki, Gh.R. Zamani, Gh.R., and Sayyari, M.H. 2017. Effect of salt stress on yield and yield traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Azad). Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 9(1), 10.22067/ijpr.v9i1.53816. (In Persian with English summary).

9. Doraki, Gh.R. Zamani, Gh.R., and Sayyari, M.H. 2016. Effect of salt stress on physiological traits and antioxidant enzymes activity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Azad). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 14(3): 470-483. (In Persian with English Summary).

10. Dua, R.P. 1992. Differential response of chickpea genotypes to salinity. Journal of Agricultural Science 119(3): 367-371.

11. Duan, J., Li, J., Guo, S., and Kang, Y. 2008. Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 165(15): 1620-1635.‏

12. Emadi, M.S. Hasibi, P., and Azimi, A. 2013. Effect of foliar application of putrescine and nutrient elements on grain yield and quality of two bread wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 15(3): 247-261. (In Persian with English Summary).

13. FAO. 2014. FAOSTAT Agricultural Statistics Database. Available at Web sitehttp://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E (verified 1 November 2017).

14. Farjadi Shakib, M., Naderi, R., and Mashhadi Akbar Boujar, M. 2012. Effects of spermidine spray on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cyclamen persicum Miller. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 5(13): 96-113. (In Persian with English Summary).

15. Ganjeali, A., Ardalan, H., Lahouti, M., and Beyk Khormizi, A. 2015. Effect of seed priming on some morpho-physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Greenhouse Culture 5(4): 51-61. (In Persian with English Summary).

16. Gupta, B., and Huang, B. 2014. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological biochemical and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics pp.18. Available at Web site http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/701596(verified 1 November 2017).

17. Haghparast, M., and Maleki Farahani, S. 2013. Effect of water deficit irrigation and natural products on vegetative characteristics of different chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 4(2): 77-86.

18. Kar, M., and Mishra, D. 1976. Catalase peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology 57(2): 315-319.

19. Liu, J.H., Honda, C., and Moriguchi, T. 2006. Involvement of polyamines in floral and fruit development. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 40(1): 51-58.

20. Majnoon Hosseni, N. 2008. Agriculture and Production of Pulses (Pulses in Iran). Tehran University Press, 294 pages. (In Persian)

21. Malhotra, R.S., and Sexana, M.C. 2002. Strategies for overcoming drought stress in chickpea. ICARDA Caravan 17: 20-23.

22. Mohammadi, H., Davarinejad, Gh., and Khezri, M. 2017. Effect of spray application of calcium compounds combined with free polyamines at different growth stages on physiological problems and yield of ‘Ahmad-Aghaii’ pistachio (Pistachio vera L.). Journal of Horticulture Science 30(4): 733-742. (In Persian with English Summary).

23. Morgan, J.M. 1992. Osmotic components and properties associated with genotypic differences in osmoregulation in wheat. Functional Plant Biology 19(1): 67-76.

24. Mortazainezhad, F., and Emami, M. 2006. Study of some parameters of yield and proline in rice plants under NaCl salinity stress. Agroecology Journal 2(3): 93-98. (In Persian with English Summary).

25. Munns, R., and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651-681.

26. Nahar, K., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, A., Alam, M., Mahmud, J.A., Suzuki, T., and Fujita, M. 2016. Polyamines confer salt tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) by reducing sodium uptake, improving nutrient homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1104.

27. Niakan, M., Sadeghi, S., and Ghorbani, M. 2011. Effect of spermidine and salinity stress on germination, growth parameters, osmoregulation, Na+ and Cl- content in wheat seedling. Journal of Plant Science Researches. Serial 21, 6th year, Number 1, 78-89. (In Persian with English Summary).

28. Pazoki, A.R. 2017. Effect of polyamines foliar application on morphological traits, protein and extract contents of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production Research 9(1): 71-94. (In Persian with English Summary).

29. Pouresmael, M., Rastegar, J., and Zangiabadi, M. 2014. Genetic variation for salinity tolerance and its association with biomass production in cultivated chickpea genotypes. Journal of Crops Improvements 16(3): 749-763. (In Persian with English Summary).

30. Prakash, L., and Prathapasenan, G. 1988. Effect of NaCl salinity and putrescine on shoot growth tissue ion concentration and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. GR‐3). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 160(5): 325-334.

31. Rasoolnia, A., Bihamta, M.R., Peyghambari, A., Alizade, H., Takallo, S., and Kamalizade, M. 2012. Evaluation of leaf proteome and antioxidant activity of barley under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 43(2): 231-241. (In Persian with English Summary).

32. Rhodes, D., Nadolska-Orczyk, A., and Rich, P.J. 2004. Salinity Osmolytes and Compatible Solutes. In: A. Lauchliand and U. Luttge (Eds.). Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules Netherlands Springer Verlag, p. 181-204.

33. Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T., and Holaday, A.S. 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchanges parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science 30(1): 105-111.

34. Saffari, R., Maghsoodi Mood, A., and Saffari, V.R. 2012. Effect of salt stress on chlorophyll fluorescence and grain yield of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Seed and Plant Production 29(1): 109-130. (In Persian with English Summary).

35. Saleethong, P., Sanitchon, J., Kong-Ngern, K., and Theerakulpisut, P. 2011. Pretreatment with spermidine reverses inhibitory effects of salt stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. Asian Journal of Plant Science 168(4): 317-328.

36. Sairam, R.K., Rao, K.V., and Srivastava, G.C. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science 163(5): 1037-1046.

37. Sheokand, S., Kumari, A., and Sawhney, V. 2008. Effect of nitric oxide and putrescine on antioxidative responses under NaCl stress in chickpea plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 14(4): 355-362.

38. Shu, S., Yuan, L.Y., Guo, S.R., Sun, J., and Yuan, Y.H. 2013. Effects of exogenous spermine on chlorophyll fluorescence antioxidant system and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in Cucumis sativus L. under salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 63: 209-216. Available at Web sitehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23291654 (verified 1 November 2017).

39. Tajali, T. Bagheri, A.R., and Hosseini, M. 2011. Effect of salinity on yield and yield components of five canola cultivar. Journal of Plant Ecology 3(9): 77-90. (In Persian with English Summary).

40. Tuba Bicer, B., Narin Kalender, A., and Akar, D.A. 2004. The effect of irrigation on spring-sown Chickpea. Journal of Agronomy 3: 154-158.

41. Varshney, R.K., Song, C., Saxena, R.K., Azam, S., Yu, S., Sharpe, A.G., and Millan, T. 2013. Draft genome sequence of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement. Nature Biotechnology 31(3): 240-246.

42. Vaziri Kateshori, S., Daneshvar, M.A., Sohrabi, A., and Nazariyan Firozabadi, F. 2013. Effects of foliar application of P, Zn, and Fe on grain yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Crops Improvement 15(2): 17-30. (In Persian with English Summary).

43. Welfare, K., Yeo, A.R., and Flowers, T.J. 2002. Effects of salinity and ozone individually and in combination on the growth and ion contents of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties. Environmental Pollution 120(2): 397-403.

44. Wiedenfeld, B. 2008. Effects of irrigation water salinity and electrostatic water treatment for sugarcane production. Agricultural Water Management 95(1): 85-88.

45. Willekens, H., Chamnongpol, S., Davey, M., Schrauder, M., Langebartels, C., van Montagu, M., Inzea dn, D., and van Camp, W. 1997. Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defense in C3 plants. The EMBO Journal 16(16): 4806-4816.

46. Yiu, J.C., Juang, L.D., Fang, D.Y.T., Liu, C.W., and Wu, S.J. 2009. Exogenous putrescine reduces flooding-induced oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant properties of welsh onion. Scientia Horticulturae 120(3): 306-314.

47. Youssef, A.A., Mahgoub, M.H., and Talaat, I.M. 2004. Physiological and biochemical aspects of Matthiola incanaplants under the effect of putrescine and kinetin treatments. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 19(9): 492-510.

48. Zafaranieh, M. 2015. Evaluating yield and phonological and morphological characteristics of chickpea genotypes in autumn cultivation under complementary irrigation regime and winter sowing in Mashhad. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture) 17(1): 271-282. (In Persian with English Summary).

49. Zare Mehrjerdi, M., Nabati, J., Massomi, A., Bagheri, A.R., and Kafi, M. 2011. Evaluation of tolerance to salinity based on root and shoot growth of 11 drought tolerant and sensitive chickpea genotypes at hydroponics conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 2(2): 83-96. (In Persian with English Summary).

50. Zhu, J.K. 2007. Plant Salt Stress. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.