اثرات کاربرد پلیمر سوپرجاذب رطوبت در خاک و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک روی برخی ویژگی‌های اگروفیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند(Beta vulgaris L.) در شرایط مشهد

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 22، دی 1393، صفحه 753-766   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v6i4.45985

نویسندگان

محسن جهان^{* 1}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی¹؛ فاطمه رنجبر¹؛ معصومه آریایی²؛ نفیسه کمایستانی¹

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی محدود کننده‌ترین عامل در تولید محصولات زراعی در سرار جهان به‌ شمار می‌رود. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک و کاربرد هیدروژل سوپر جاذب رطوبت بر کمیت و کیفیت چغندر قند(Beta vulgaris L.) ، آزمایشی به ‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری (استریپ اسپلیت پلات) بر پایه‌ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی91-1390 اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: استفاده از سوپر جاذب رطوبت و عدم استفاده از سوپر جاذب رطوبت به عنوان کرت اصلی، دو دور آبیاری به ترتیب 7 و 10 روزه به عنوان عامل کرت فرعی و استفاده و عدم استفاده از اسید هیومیک به عنوان عامل کرت نواری. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد سوپرجاذب رطوبت نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن، تأثیر معنی داری بر شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد قند ناخالص و عدد کلروفیل‌متر داشت، به طوری‌که بیشترین مقادیر این صفات (به ترتیب با 4/3، 7/4 تن در هکتار و 2/46) را سبب شدند. محلول‌ پاشیاسید هیومیک سبب بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (4/3) و عدد کلروفیل ‌متر(1/45) شد که با دیگر تیمارها، تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت. دور آبیاری هفت روز، بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (8/3) و عملکرد غده (9/24 تن در هکتار) را به دنبال داشت. بیشترین عدد کلروفیل‌متر (9/49) در نتیجه‌ی کاربرد سوپر جاذب و محلول‌پاشی اسید ‌هیومیک و دور آبیاری هفت روز حاصل شد. عملکرد ماده‌ی خشک و تعداد برگ در بوته با عملکرد غده، عملکرد قند ناخالص و قرائت اسپد، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار (01/0p≤) نشان دادند. بررسی ضرایب همبستگی محاسبه شده بین صفات مختلف نشان داد که به ترتیب بین عملکرد ماده‌ خشک و شاخص سطح برگ، و بین عملکرد ماده‌ی خشک و عملکرد قند ناخالص همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار وجود داشت. این نتایج تأکید می‌کنند که هر عاملی که شاخص سطح برگ را افزایش دهد، سبب افزایش عملکرد ماده‌ خشک و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد قند ناخالص خواهد شد. همچنین، بین عملکرد ماده‌ خشک و قرائت کلروفیل‌متر و بین قرائت کلروفیل‌متر و عملکرد غده، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار وجود داشت. برآورد میزان قند ناخالص بر اساس روش رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد که این صفت تحت تأثیر متغیر هایی مثل عیار قند، عملکرد غده و عدد کلروفیل‌متر قرار دارد (**87/0r=). به طور کلی، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد سوپر جاذب می تواند سبب افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک و در نتیجه سبب ثبات تولید در شرایط تنش خشکی شود. همچنین، محلول پاشی اسید‌هیومیک، علاوه بر حفظ سلامت محیط زیست، می‌تواند سبب افزایش تولید اقتصادی چغندر قند شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درصد قند؛ قرائت کلروفیل‌متر؛ محلول‌پاشی برگی؛ هیدروژل جذب‌کننده رطوبت

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