Chemical composition, rumen degradability and fermentation characteristics of fresh pragmates australis ensiled with different additives

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

Article 1, Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22, June 2015, Pages 120-128   

Document Type: Ruminant Nutrition

DOI: 10.22067/ijasr.v7i2.51519

Authors

Reza Valizadeh^{* 1}; mahdi mahmoodi abyane¹; Amin Salahi²

¹Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

²Bu-Ali Sina University

Abstract

Introduction: Pragmates australis (Pa) (common reed) is a riverside perennial grass found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. Pa grows in many wetlands around rivers in Iran. Animal feed restriction is the main problem of Iranian animal production systems and this feed resource can be fed to native livestock especially in rural areas. Ensiling Pa could improve its feeding value. The aim of this study, therefore, was to measure the chemical composition, gas production and rumen degradability characteristics of the fresh and ensiled Pa with different additives.

Materials and Methods: Plant samples were harvested during growth season from the city of Bojnoord,in Iran. The Pa samples were chopped and ensiled into airtight plastic bags as follow; 1)the fresh whole plant of Pa as control (Pa), 2) pa + 4% NaOH, 3) Pa+4% urea, 4) Pa+10% molasses, 5) Pa+4% urea +10% molasses and 6) pa+4% urea + 10% molasses +4% NaOH (on DM basis). Duration of the ensiling process lasted 60 days. Chemical composition of the samples was measured through the ordinary lab methods. The in vitro gas production was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hrs intervals after incubation. The in situ rumen degradability was also determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 hrs after incubation. The experiment data were analyzed in a completely randomized design.

Results and Discussion: NDF and ADF contents of the ensiled samples with urea were the highest whereas they were the lowest in the NaOH treated samples. CP content of the urea treated Pa was higher than other samples. Ash content of the NaOH treated forage was significantly (P

Keywords

chemical composition; Degradability; Gas production; Pragmates australis; Silage

References

1- Abdel Aziz, D. M. 1982. A study of the nutritive value of some range plants in the North Western Coastal Desert. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

2- AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The William Byrd Press, Inc., Richmond, VA, 500 pp.

3- Baytok, E., T. Aksu, M.A. Karsli and H. Muruz. 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29: 469-474.

4- Bolsen, K., H. D. Axe and R. Smith. 1985. Urea and limestone additions to forage sorghum silage. Cattlement's Day'85. Report Progress, 470: 82-84.

5- Buchanan-Smith, J. G. 1982. Preservation and feeding value for yearling steers of whole plant corn ensiled at 28 and 42% dry matter with and without cold flow ammonia treatment. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 62: 173.

6- Demirel, M., S. DeniZ, I. Yilmaz and H. Nursoy. 2004. The effect of adding urea or urea + molasses in some sorghum varieties harvested at dough stage on silage. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28: 29-37.

7- Hill, J and J.D Leaver. 1999. Energy and protein supplementation of lactating dairy cows offered urea treated whole-crop wheat as the sole forage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 82: 177-193.

8- Hinds, M.A., K.K. Bolsen., J. Brethour., G. Milliken and J. Hoover. 1985. Effects of molasses/urea and bacterial inoculant additives on silage quality, dry matter recovery and feeding value for cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 12: 205-214.

9- Kennedy, S.J. 1990. Comparison of the fermentation quality and nutritive value of sulphuric and formic acid treated silages feed to beef cattle. Grass Forage Science, 45: 17-28.

10- Keskun, B. and U.H. Yilmaz.2005. Effects of urea or Urea plus molasses supplementation to silages with different sorghum Varieties harvested at the quality and In vitro dry matter digestibility of silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 29: 1143-1147.

11- Kordooni. A. 2000. Determination of chemical composition, in vitro digestibility coefficients of three forages (ney, loee and cholan). Agricultural research central. Ahvaz (In Persian).

12- Lattemae, P.C., Ohlsson, and P. Lingvall. 1985. The combined effect of molasses and formic acid and quality of red clover silage. Swedish Journal of Agriculture Research, 1: 31-41.

13- Lisita, G., T.M. Hernandes and P.J. Van soest. 1990. Standardization of procedure for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57: 347-358.

14- Menke, K. H., and H. staingass. 1988. Estimation of energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development Journal, 28: 7-55.

15- Moore, A.C. and Kennedy, S.J. 1994. The effect of sugar pulp based silage additives on effluent production, fermentation, in-silo losses, silage intake and animal performance. Grass and Forage Science, 49: 54-64.

16- Muck, R. E. 1987. Dry matter level effect on alfalfa silage quality: I. Nitrogen transformations. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 30: 7–14.

17- Phllip, L.E., L. Underhill and H. Garino. 1990. Effects of treating Lucerne with an inoculums of lactic acid bacteria or formic acid upon chemical changes during fermentation, and upon the nutritive value of the silage for lambs. Grass and Forage Science, 45: 337-348.

18- SAS. 2001. SAS. User’s guide. SAS Institute, Cary North Carolina, USA.

19- Spoelstra, S.F., A. Steg., and J. M. W. Beuvink. 1990. Application of cell wall degrading enzymes to grass silage. In: Agricultural biotechnology in focus in the Netherlands (eds. J.J. Dekkers, H. C. van der Plasand D. K. Vuijk), Pudoc, Wageningen.

20- Ørskov, E. R. 1992. Protein Nutrition in Ruminants. Second Edition. Academic Press. pp. 51-58.

21- Ørskov, E. R. and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science, 92. 499-503.

22- Tavendale, M. H., L. P. Meagher, D. Pacheco, N. Walker, G. T. Attwood, and S. Sivakumaram. 2005. Methane production from in vitro rumen incubations with Lotus pedunculatus and Medicago sativa, and effects of extractable condensed tannin fractions on methanogenesis. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123-124: 403-419.

23- Valizadeh, R., A.A. naserian and A. Ajdarifard. The biochemistry of silage. 2004. 2nd edition. ferdowsi university Publication. (In Persian).