ترسیم اشاره‌هایی برای تدریس علوم بر بنیاد تبیینی کل نگرانه از ماهیت علم

پژوهش نامه مبانی تعلیم و تربیت

مقاله 3، دوره 6، شماره 1، شهریور 1395، صفحه 125-146   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/fe.v6i1.48378

نویسندگان

پروین بازقندی^{* 1}؛ سعید ضرغامی¹؛ یحیی قائدی¹؛ علیرضا محمودنیا²؛ خسرو باقری نوع پرست³

¹دانشگاه خوارزمی

²دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

³نیو سوت ولز

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، تبیین نقش ابعاد مختلف ماهیت علم در آموزش علوم است. لذا، همسو با نظریه پیچیدگی و با بهره گیری از نگرشی کل نگرانه، چنین استدلال شد که طرح پرسش‌های فلسفی در قلمروهای تاریخ، جامعه شناسی و روان شناسی علم نیز به فلسفه علم در روشنگری ماهیت علم کمک می‌کند. بر اساس یافته ها بازنگری در بینش استقرایی و توجه به جنبه سازه گرایانه علم در کنار ماهیت واقع گرایانه آن در تدریس علوم ضروری است. اندیشیدن در تاریخ علم نیز فهم علم در بستر تاریخ را ایجاب می‌کند. اشاره جامعه شناسی علم نیز روشنگری نقش دانشمندان در توسعه اجتماعی و تعامل با دیگر عاملان اجتماعی چون فیلسوفان و هنرمندان است. قلمرو روان شناسی علم نیز روشن می‌کند که آزاد گذاشتن دانش آموزان در اندیشیدن در حوزه علم بر مبنای تمایلات زیبایی شناسانه و متافیزیکی و ورای باور همگانی زمینه بروز ایده‌های نو در فراگیر است. بنابراین، پرورش نگرش کل نگرانه فراگیران در علم آموزی اهمیت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تدریس علوم؛ نظریه پیچیدگی؛ ماهیت علم

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