بررسی روابط بین برخی صفات زراعی مرتبط با عملکرد نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum) تحت تنش بیماری برق‎زدگی

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 12، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23، خرداد 1400، صفحه 171-186   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84166

نویسندگان

محدثه رحمت پور¹؛ فاختک طلیعی^{* 1}؛ حسین صبوری¹؛ معصومه خیرگو²

¹گروه تولیدات گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منـابع طبیعـی اسـتان گلسـتان، سـازمان تحقیقـات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

چکیده

بیماری برق‌زدگی نخود که به وسیله قارچ Ascochyta rabiei ایجاد می‌شود، یکی از مهم‌ترین بیمار‌های نخود است که کشت و تولید آن را در بیشتر مناطق دنیا و از جمله ایران محدود می‌کند. بنابراین شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی مقاومت در ژرم‌پلاسم نخود در برابر عامل بیماری، برای طراحی برنامه‌های اصلاحی بسیار ضروری است. به‌منظور ارزیابی مقاومت به بیماری برق زدگی در نخود، آزمایشی با 77 ژنوتیپ پیشرفته نخود دریافتی از ایکاردا در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبد‌کاووس انجام شد و صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و میزان سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری یادداشت‌برداری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر کلیه صفات اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد (01/0p<) وجود داشت. بیشترین همبستگی با بیماری برق‌زدگی، مربوط به ارتفاع بوته بود (506/0- و 01/0p<). مطابق با نتایج رگرسیون مرحله‌ای، ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر را روی عملکرد دانه داشت. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که صفت ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر عملکرد دانه داشت (357/0) و بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم مربوط به بیماری برق‌زدگی از طریق ارتفاع بوته بود (151/0-). بنابراین می‌توان از ارتفاع بوته به‌عنوان صفت برتر در برنامه‌های انتخاب غیرمستقیم بهره برد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌ها بر اساس سطح زیر منحنی گسترش بیماری برق‌زدگی ژنوتیپ‎ها را به سه گروه متحمل (37 ژنوتیپ)، گروه حساس (15 ژنوتیپ) و گروه مقاوم (25ژنوتیپ)، تقسیم شد. به طورکلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ژنوتیپ‎های مقاوم در برنامه‎های اصلاحی برای توسعه ارقام مقاوم نخود به بیماری و مدیریت این بیماری قابل بهره‎برداری می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

برق‎زدگی؛ عملکرد؛ مقاومت نخود؛ Ascochyta rabiei

مراجع

1. Acikgoz, N., and Acikgoz, N. 1994. Path analysis for evaluation of characters affecting seed yield in chickpeas at different sowing time. Crop Science Congress 2: 121-125.
2. Ahmad, S., Khan, M.A., Sahi, S.T., and Ahmad, R. 2013. Evaluation of chickpea germplasm against Ascochyta rabiei (Pass) Lab. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 23(2): 440-443.
3. Ali, Q., Ahsan, M., Khan, N.H., Ali, F., Elahi, M., and Elahi, F. 2012. Genetic analysis for various quantitative traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences 6(1): 51-57.
4. Aryamanesh, N., Nelson, M.N., Yan, G., Clarke, H.J., and Siddique, K.H.M. 2010. Mapping a major gene for growth habit and QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance and flowering time in a population between chickpea and Cicer reticulatum. Euphytica 173: 307-319.
5. Ashrafi, J., Rahnama, K., and Kheirgu, M. 2016. Response of chickpea genotypes to Aschochyta blight in international collection. 22^th Congress of Plant Protection. Iran, Tehran. P346. (In Persian with English Summary).
6. Bokhari, A.A., Ashraf, M., Rehman, A., Ahmad, A., and Iqbal, M. 2011. Screening of chickpea germ plasm against Ascochyta blight. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 23(1): 5-8.
7. Checa, O., Ceballos, H., and Blair, M.W. 2006. Generation means analysis of climbing ability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Heredity 97(5): 456-465.
8. Cheghamirza, S.H., Cheghamirza, K., and Mohammadi, R. 2013. Evaluation of accessions and varieties of chickpea (Ciser arietinum) based on agro-physiological traits. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11(3): 46-472. (In Persian with English Summary).
9. Chen, W., Coyne, C.J., Peever, T.L., and Muehlbauer, F.J. 2004. Characterization of chickpea differentials for pathogenicity assay of ascochyta blight and identification of chickpea accessions resistant to Didymella rabiei. Plant Pathology 53: 759-769.
10. Collard, B.C., and Mackill, D.J. 2007. Marker-assisted selection: an approach for precision plant breeding in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1491): 557-572.
11. Daba, K., Deokar, A., Banniza, S., Warkentin, T.D., and Tar’an, B. 2016. QTL mapping of early flowering and resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea. Genome 59(6): 413-425.‏
12. Dokken-Bouchard, F., Miller, S., McCall, P., and McVicar, R. 2010. Scouting and management of Ascochyta blight in c Saskatchewan Agriculture Publicationmm 1-18.
13. Elliott, V.L., Taylor P.W.J., and Ford, F. 2013. Changes in foliar host reaction to Ascochyta rabiei with plant maturity. Journal of Agricultural Science 5(7): 29-35.
14. Fazeli, F., and Cheghamirza, K. 2011. Genetic variation in Iranian chickpea (Cicer arietinum Kabuli type) based on agronomic traits and RAPD marker. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 1-27(4): 555- 579. (In Persian with English Summary).
15. Gaure, P.M., Tripathi, S., Gowda, C.L.L., Ranga, R.G.V., Sharma, H. ., Pande, S., and Sharma, M. 2010. Chickpea Seed Production Manual, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 121 pp.
16. Goldani, M., and Rezvanimoghaddam, P. 2004. Effects of different drought levels and planting date on yield and yield components of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2: 2005.
17. Jamil, F.F., Sarwar, M., Sarwar, N., Khan, J.A., Zaid, H.M., Yousaf, S., Imran H.M., and Haq, I. 2010. Genotyping with RAPD markers resolves pathotype diversity in the Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt pathogens of chickpea in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal Botany 42(2): 1369-1378.
18. Kaiser, W.J., and Okhovat, M. 1996. Distribution of Didymella rabiei, the telomorph of Ascochyta rabiei in IRAN. Plant Disease 32(3&4): 207. (In Persian with English Summary).
19. Kanouni, H., and Malhotra, R.S. 2003. Genetic variation and relationships between traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) lines under dryland conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 5(3): 185-193. (In Persian with English Summary).
20. Kayan, N., and Adak, M.S. 2012. Associations of some characters with grain yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Pakistan Journal Botany 44(1): 267-272.
21. Kiersten, A.W., Carl, A.B., Samuel, M., Julie, P., Javier, A.D., Rubella, S.G., and Neil, C.G. 2011. Sensitivity of Ascochyta rabiei populations to prothioconazole and thiabendazole. Crop Protection 3: 1000-1005.
22. Kimurto, P.K., Towetti, B.K., Mulwa, R.S., Njogui, N., Jeptanui, L., Gangarao, N.V.P.R., Silim, S., Kaloki, P. Korir, P., and Macharia, J.K. 2013. Evaluation of chickpea genotypes for resistance to Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) disease in the dry highlands of Kenya. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 52(1): 212-
23. Kiprop, C.J. 2016. Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for host plant resistance to Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in elgeyo-marakwet, uasin-gishu and baringo counties of Kenya. MSc. Thesis, Kenyatta University. 106 pp.
24. Labdi, M., Malhotra, R., Benzohra, I., and Imtiaz, M. 2013. Inheritance of resistance to Ascochyta rabiei in 15 chickpea germplasm accessions. Plant Breeding 132: 197-
25. Lobna Ben, M., Cherif, M., Harrabi, M., Galbraith R.F., and Strange, R.N. 2010. Effects of sowing date on severity of blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei and yield components of five chickpea cultivars grown under two climatic conditions in Tunisia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 126: 293-
26. Namvar, A., and Sharifi, R.S. 2011. Phenological and morphological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) to symbiotic and mineral nitrogen fertilization. Zemdirbysté-Agriculture 98: 121-130.
27. Ozdemir, S. 1996. Path coefficient analysis for yield and its components in chickpea. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 3: 9-21.
28. Pande, S., Sharma, M.P., Gaur, M., Basandrai, A.K., Kaur, L.K.S., Hooda, D., Basandrai, B.T., Kiran, S., Jain, K., and Rathore, A. 2013. Biplot analysis of genotype×environment interactions and identification of stable sources of resistance to Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Australasian Plant Pathology 42: 561-571.
29. Pande, S., Sharma, M., Gaur, P.M., Tripathi, S., Kaur, L., Basandrai, A., Khan, T., Gowda, C.L.L., and Siddique, K.H.M. 2011. Development of screening techniques and identification of new sources of resistance to Ascochyta blight disease of chickpea. Australasian Plant Pathology 40: 149-156.
30. Pande, S., Siddique, K.H.M., Kishore, G.K., Bayaa, B., Gaur, P.M., Gowda, C.L.L, Bretag, T.W., and Crouch, J.H. 2005. Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum): a review of biology, pathogenicity, and disease management. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 317-332.
31. Peever, L., Salimath, S.S., Su, G., Kaiser, W.J., and Muehlbauer, F.J. 2004. Historical and contemporary multilocus population structure of Ascochyta rabiei (teleomorph: Didymella rabiei) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Molecular Ecology 13: 291-309.
32. Rezaeinia, M., Bihamta, M.R., Peyghambari, S.A., Abbsi, A.R., and Gharajedaghi, F. 2017. Genetic diversity and relationships between some agronomic traits of chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum) under non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 8(1): 83-96. (In Persian with English Summary).
33. Salimi, A., Modarresi, M., Kanouni, H., and Jamali, F. 2017. Evaluation of the genetic diversity of resistance to Ascochyta blight and some of the most important traits related to chickpea yield under rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 48(2): 453-463. (In Persian with English Summary).
34. Shokouhifar, F., Bagheri, A.R., and Fallahati Rastegar, M. 2006. Identification of resistant chickpea lines against pathotypes causing Ascochyta blight disease in Iran. Iranian Journal of Biology 19: 29-42. (In Persian with English Summary).
35. Singh, K.B., and Reddy, M.V. 1993. Resistance to six races of Ascochyta rabiei in the world germ plasm collection of chickpea. Crop Science 33: 186-189.
36. Singh, K.B., Bejiga, G., and Malhotra, R.S. 1990. Associations of some characters with seed yield in chickpea collections. Euphytica 49(1): 83-88.
37. Vafaei, S.H., Rezaee S., Abbasi Moghadam, A., and Zamanizadeh, H.R. 2017. Screening of chickpea germ plasms for selection of resistant genotypes to Ascochyta blight. Plant Pests and Diseases 85(1): 97-109. (In Persian with English Summary).
38. Varshney, R.K., Song, C., Saxena, R.K., Azam, S., Yu, S., Sharpe, A.G., Cannon, S., Baek, J., Rosen, B.D., Tar'an, B., and Millan, T. 2013. Draft genome sequence of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement. Nature Biotechnology 31(3): 240-246.
39. Yousefi, B., Kazemi Arbat, H., RahimZadeh Khoyi, F., and Moghadam, M. 1997. Study for some agronomic traits in chickpea cultivars under two irrigation regimes and path analysis of traits under study. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(4): 147-162. (In Persian with English Summary).
40. Yucel, D.O., Anlarsal, A.E., and Yucel, C. 2006. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 30: 183-188.