بررسی جنبه‌های اکولوژیکی الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط جایگزینی سویا (Glycine max L.) و ارزن معمولی (Panicum miliaceum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 7، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 26، دی 1393، صفحه 485-498   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v7i4.43744

نویسندگان

گودرز احمدوند^{* 1}؛ سمیه حاجی نیا²

¹دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

²دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

کشت مخلوط می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از راه‌های افزایش عملکرد و پایداری تولید در واحد سطح مطرح باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط جایگزینی سویا (Glycine max L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.) بر خصوصیات زراعی، تنوع علف‌های‌هرز و فعالیت زیستی خاک، آزمایشی در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا در سال زراعی 1393، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پنج الگوی کشت مخلوط جایگزینی (25 درصد ارزن + 75 درصد سویا (75S:25M)، 50 درصد ارزن + 50 درصد سویا (50S:50M)، 75 درصد ارزن + 25 درصد سویا (25S:75M) و تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن به ترتیب با 8/219 و 9/171 گرم بر مترمربع، حاصل شد. کشت مخلوط باعث کاهش حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ و افزایش میزان کلروفیل برگ سویا و ارزن گردید. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته سویا و بیشترین تعداد خوشه در بوته ارزن در تیمار 50S:50M بدست آمد. میزان تنفس خاک به طور متوسط در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط به ترتیب 4 و 8 درصد بیشتر از تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن بود. الگوهای کاشت 50S:50M و 25S:75M در کاهش تراکم و تنوع علف‌های‌هرز موفق‌تر از تک‌کشتی سویا بودند. ارزیابی نسبت برابری زمین نشان‌دهنده برتری تمام نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط سویا و ارزن بر تک‌کشتی آنها بود و تیمار 50S:50M بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین (20/1) را به خود اختصاص داد. سویا و ارزن در نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط، افت واقعی عملکرد نداشتند. محاسبه ضریب غالبیت نشان داد که ارزن از غالبیت بیشتری نسبت به سویا برخودار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنفس خاک؛ شاخص‌های تنوع؛ شاخص‌های رقابت؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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