بررسی کارایی قارچ‌های میکوریزا در شرایط مدیریتی کم آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های رشدی و جذب برخی عناصر غذایی در نهال چنار(Platanus orientalis L)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 4، دوره 29، شماره 4، اسفند 1394، صفحه 537-546   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.25940

نویسندگان

حامد عالی‌پور امرایی^{* 1}؛ علی نیکبخت¹؛ نعمت الله اعتمادی¹؛ فرشید نوربخش¹؛ فرهاد رجالی²

¹دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

²مرکز تحقیقات خاک وآب کشور

چکیده

درخت چنار از جمله مهم‌ترین درختان مورد استفاده در فضای سبز شهری ایران می‌باشد. یکی از عوامل محدود کننده‌ی گسترش فضاهای سبز شهری، تأمین آب برای گیاهان می‌باشد. کم‌آبیاری یک راهکار بهینه برای صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب در شرایط کم‌آبی و در نهایت کاهش هزینه مورد نیاز جهت تأمین آب برای گیاهان فضای سبز است. همچنین ممکن است تلقیح ریشه گیاهان با قارچ میکوریزا ‌بتواند به عنوان راهکاری جهت کاهش نیاز آبی گیاهان به کار گرفته شود. این بررسی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و به منظور تعیین تأثیر تلقیح قارچ میکوریزا بر واکنش نهال‌های چنار به سطوح مختلف آب کاربردی (تأمین 50 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که صرف نظر از سطح آبیاری تلقیح گیاهان توسط میکوریزا باعث افزایش معنی‌داری در اکثر شاخص‌های رشدی از قبیل سطح برگ، کلروفیل و وزن تر و خشک در نهال‌های چنار گردیده‌است. همچنین غلظت عنصر فسفر در گیاهان تلقیح شده نسبت به گیاهان تلقیح نشده به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. در مجموع نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که تلقیح با قارچ‌های میکوریزا، رشد گیاهان تحت تنش را به واسطه اثر مثبت بر جذب عناصر غذایی، افزایش میزان کلروفیل و در نهایت افزایش فتوسنتز بهبود می‌بخشد. پیشنهاد می‌شود که در مناطق خشک و کم‌آب از روش مدیریتی کم‌آبیاری با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا برای ذخیره آب مصرفی استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سطح آبیاری؛ درخت؛ فضای سبز؛ همزیستی

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